Management Principles Essay Research Paper

Management Principles Essay, Research Paper

“Planning, organising, leading and controlling are asserted to be the four crucial functions of a manager. Explain each of these functions emphasising the underlying theories. In particular, how these functions are interrelated in the global business environment today.”

Introduction

A manager’s role is to lead his/her organisation to a clearly stated objective. In doing so he/she must muster all his resources in a concise and organised attempt at achieving those goals. To do this a manager must lead, plan, organise and control the organisation’s employees.

A manager can be defined in many ways. From the high ranking Chief Executive Officer or the Team leader who is fundamental to the organisation. Each manager therefore has different roles throughout these stages. The team leader ‘manager’ has a more hands on role in the running of the company compared to the CEO, who as well as concentrating on the day to day running of the company must also asses the future layout of the organisation(Dauphinais et al., 1998, p.18)

The four ‘functions’ of a manager as stated in the assignment are crucial to the prolonged success of any company. I believe ‘leading’ is perhaps the most crucial tool of any manager since his/her presence and motivation ability is critical to the achievement of the goals stated in the planning stage.

The ‘global business environment of today’ is a reference to the ever expanding global marketplace, and how it has opened up thousands of markets for companies, as well as exposing it to many more competitors and pitfalls.

Planning

Planning is a vital tool to any manager since it allows him to help prepare for the future, rather than being commanded by it (Allen, 1973, p.64). A comprehensive plan both helps coordinate the actions of all team members, while also serving as a basis for control and feedback. By using a systematic approach to planning, a manager can ascertain the capabilities of his employees and utilize resources to accomplish the most desired outcome(Geneen, 1985, p.84).

Allen (1973, pg.64) states that there are seven major steps in planning, and although his work is dated both Robbins and Crainer, in more recent analysis of management agree with him in a majority of cases;

Objectives

+ A goal which the company is committed to obtaining

Forecasting

+ To estimate or predict what will probably happen in the future

Programming/Strategy

+ Defining the steps necessary in order to reach the objectives

Budget

+ The allocation of resources required to achieve the companies objectives

Procedure

+ The mehtod or manner with which the programme is to be realised through the allocation of tasks and objectives

Using a systematic approach to planning allows a manager to ascertain the capabilities of his work force and utilize resources in order to accomplish the desired result(Allen, 1973, p.63). Planning is a crucial role of managers since it allows it to evaluate the path ahead and make arrangements to sidestep any problems which may arise. In the new global business environment of today it is most imperative that a company plans out its path before walking down it. Due to the increase in technology that has enabled a company to market overseas, the amount of competitors and hazards which await a company have increased dramatically therefore the importance of planning has become even more crucial.

Organising

The structure defined in the planning stage enables managers to devise a “framework by which job tasks are divided, grouped and coordinated” (Robbins, 2001, p.351). However the concept of ‘organising; is different for every managerial level. When referring to a CEO, ‘organising’ can be seen as a wide ranging plan for the future which includes such aspects as(Robbins, 2001:p.352);

q Specialisation

u The more specialised the work assigned to individuals within limits, the greater the potential for efficient performance.

q Logical Arrangement

u Logically arranged work tends to produce the greatest accomplishment and highest personal satisfaction.

q Chain of Command

u The chain of command is a logical progression through the ranks of an organisation

q Maximum Span

u Refers to the number of people a manager supervises

q Minimum Levels

u The amount of management ranks in an organisation

However in the context of a team leader, the function of ‘organising’ is more concerned with assigning individuals with tasks or responsibilities which combine together to form one goal. After discovering the strengths/weakness’ and defining the overall plan, the team leader must organise his resources to achieve those objectives set out previously. This aspect of organising is intertwined immensely with leading and planning since both are vital to the success of organising the group. The team leader must be able to motivate the members to apply themselves to the tasks or responsibilities allocated to him/her during the planning stage.

Leading

Leading subordinates is a vital part of a managers job. In his book Leadership is an Art, Max DePree (1989, pg.12), a CEO placed sixth in Fortune magazines management excellenc

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