The Misogyny Of The Artist As A

Young Man Essay, Research Paper

The Misogyny of the Artist as a Young Man

In most novels there are always certain aspects of the protagonist’s life that serve as the basis from which the character is motivated to create or to encounter particular events. Often times these motivations are the key that the protagonist needs in order to realize their meaning in life and where their destinations lie. James Joyce cleverly uses the presence and appeal of women in his novel A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man to allow his protagonist, Stephen Dedalus, to become cognizant of his role in life, but not without first being subjected to manipulation and confusion. Stephen’s stringent childhood of strict Irish Catholicism and all-male boarding schools combined with an already intuitive yet misguided aesthetic mind, confront and conflict with the women who obliviously shape his emotional development.

Since Stephen was destined to be an artist, as a child he is already hypersensitive emotionally and can be easily influenced. Stephen’s earliest memories are when the first woman is presented to him, his mother Along with his mother is his nanny Dante who are both symbolic as they ignite the development of Stephen’s conscience (Ben-Merre 14). Both women are traditional and dogmatic in the ways of putting the divine and church before all things. So it is already evident that Stephen’s exposure is minimized to preconceived ethnic and cultural standards (15). Mrs. Dedalus represents the affectionate aspects of a women that a child desires while Dante serves as a mediator to the external aspects that Stephen will later know as Dante’s preferred politics, propaganda, and social issues that he will reluctantly apply to himself

eventually (14). Both women are nurturers for Stephen yet they are both demanding of him. Stephen equates them both to religion, the strong Irish Catholicism that will burden him later (Henke 91). The overly powerful inhibitions that Mrs. Dedalus, Dante, and religion impose on Stephen are reasons for the suppression of his natural desires (84). They reinforce the sound, old ways rather than the fury, or eccentric ideas of life and they uphold what is trite and commonplace instead of what is new and risky (Ben-Merre 15). When Stephen is six years old he says that he wants to marry his neighbor, a young girl as well, named Eileen and he is chastised for saying this by Dante and Mrs. Dedalus because Eileen is a Protestant and that it would be a sin. They demand that he apologize for his innate feelings and if he fails to do so they teasingly threaten him that an eagle would come out of the sky and claw out his eyes. Many of these things said to Stephen had an unintended effect that made his conscience aware of false consequences for liking girls, such as blindness, castration, and punishment by the church, depending on how a child interprets such symbolism. These two women who served as Stephen’s first exposure had already gained a range of control over Stephen’s conscience. They had successfully caused Stephen to become aware of the barrier to women that was concocted of religion and social diversity, thus making him apprehensive towards the other sex and having feelings of guilt toward them (14). These women will influence the social tendencies that Stephen will learn to fight as he gets older (15).

While Stephen is attending Clongowe’s, an all male boarding school, he frequently desires the affection of his mother, especially during times of hardship he wishes to be back home under her veil of security (Henke 84). But these feelings change throughout his stay at Clongowe’s. Stephen has not yet been able to differentiate between filial love and erotic love so he becomes baffled and unable to tell the difference between what is moral and truly immoral (85). In one circumstance in the novel, one of Stephen’s class mates ask him if he kisses his mother, and Stephen is not sure how to respond, so he says yes and he becomes the victim of their teasings. They turn around his kissing of his mother into some sort of incestual activity for their own amusement (86). When one of Stephen’s classmates asked him if he “loves his mother,” all Stephen can muster up to say is, “I don’t know what your words mean.” This lack of understanding of women influences Stephen to feel another web of guilt that forms self and mental confinement to the points to where he wants to give up all allegiance to his motherly figures (85). Stephen realizes that the world is male-dominated and that most women are merely mellowing agents strategically placed here and there so he resolves that his mother can no longer be a sanctuary in his life (86). Being in this all male school allows for misogyny and terror of females to breed within Stephen.

Underlying the entire time in a confused mass is Stephen’s sexual desires. Feeling no comfort or reassurance from any being now, Stephen, at the age of sixteen, submits to sex with a prostitute to find some sort of release from the sexual longings that have been infatuating him. This copulation alone symbolically confronts several issues that Stephen had with women. All the women that Stephen knew before hand cause him shame because he either had to apologize for or somehow explain why he was attracted to women, all the while giving him the impression that it was immoral to like women. So now here he was engaging in such an extrem