Cloning Essay Research Paper Automatically when people

Cloning Essay, Research Paper

Automatically when people talk about human cloning that tend to be negative. Most reaction is people shouldn’t play god or interfere with nature. Of course there are negative consequences that could come from cloning. On the other hand there is so many positive things that could save more lives than it would cost. Yes Cloning involves risky techniques that could result in premature babies and some deaths. That is why public policy needs to be changed on cloning. The medical possibilities are endless if federal money is given to research and develop cloning techniques.

President Clinton signed an order banning federal money to be used on research of cloning and embryo science. By not giving money to develop cloning techniques, this leaves cloning to be research by private citizens and private companies. If public policy was changed concerning human cloning and federal money was given to establish national research centers and a commission to regulate cloning then black market of cloning would be seriously decreased. There is a current debate over whether or not the Food and Drug admission has any jurisdiction over cloning research. The argument is that the F.D.A. does not have the power to regulate medical practices. They only have the power to regulate legal drugs. As it stands now there is no type of regulation on human cloning research.

In 2000 congress tried to establish anti-cloning laws, but got bogged down in the ethical issues in reproductive freedom. The FDA has no jurisdiction to regulate cloning research, for most cases medical practices are typically regulated at the state levels. Cloning is legal in 47 out of the 50 states and 175 out of 200 countries. The three states that it is illegal are California, Rhode Island, and Michigan. The Californian law states that a person could be fined up to $250,000 for cloning a child and the business could be fined up to a million. This law has a five-year sunset clause, which means it automatically expires after five years. The Rhode Island law is similar to the Californian law it to has a five-year sunset clause. Michigan has a more radical law, for cloning of a child, or the creation of a cloned embryo, research on cloning carries a penalty up to ten years. It doesn’t matter, the law applies to any type of research using cloning techniques whether it is to cure diseases or to impregnate an infertile woman or to help an infertile patient.

In a recent poll conduct by Time magazine and CNN ninety percent thought that cloning a human was a bad idea. Most people have a bad outlook on cloning because they do not know the whole truth about cloning. Most people have false ideas about cloning. The rumor that it took 277 tries to impregnate Dolly, the cloned sheep, is false. The scientist started with 277 embryos and only 29 developed into fertilized eggs. Out of those twenty-nine eggs, Dolly was the only sheep that survived until birth. There were not any dead lambs born, the pregnancy was cared all the way though.

Before people judge cloning they need to have an idea of what they are talking about. There are three basic ways to clone a human, the splitting of a cell from an embryo (twinning), the Roslin technique used to create Dolly, and the Honolulu technique. The Twinning technique is done when an embryo is fertilized by a sperm cell. After it is fertilized, the cell starts dividing into an Eight-cell embryo. Then each one of those cells came be taken and implant into the uteri of eight separate mothers, which in turn creates eight clones.

The second way is the Roslin technique. This how that dolly was created. You take an egg and take out the nucleus. Then you discard that nucleus. By doing this you have remove almost all of the eggs DNA and genes. Then you insert the nucleus of the mammal you are trying to clone into the old cell. You do this by either fusing an adult cell with an enucleated egg or by the more complicated nuclear transfer. Then the reconstructed egg is stimulated electrically or chemically to trick it into behaving like a fertilized egg. Then it divides and becomes an embryo and finally then transferred into the uterus of a mother.

A team of scientist at the University of Hawaii developed Honolulu technique. This technique is typically the same as the Roslin method, but it has a much higher success rate. It uses three types of cells, Sertoli cells, brain cells, and cumulus cells instead of a single udder cell as in the Roslin method. The significance of using three different types of cells is that they stay in the G0 and G1 state longer. This is the state before the cell starts to divide. Because it stays in the G0 and G1 state longer it allows more time to implant the new nucleus before the division process starts. This gives you more time to fuse the nucleus into the new reconstructive cell. After the nucleus is in the reconstructed cell it is implanted and carried to term by the mother in the same manner as the Roslin technique.

Because people are uneducated or scared of cloning and its techniques, so they are less likely to tolerate research on these methods. If federal money is given to aid the research then these techniques can be perfected and the success rate will drastically improve. By using federal money the government can have some control over cloning and its future. Since no federal money has been given to research