Steriods Essay Research Paper SteroidsWhat are SteroidsThere

Steriods Essay, Research Paper

Steroids

What are Steroids

There are three major divisions of steroids: corticosteroids, estrogens and

progestogens, androgens. Corticosteroids are found in both prescription and non-prescription cremes that are used to control rashes and itches. These two common trade names are Cortaid and Lanacort. This form of steroid is not to be thought of as having addictive properties. The second forms of steroids are estrogens and progestogens. These forms of steroids are female sex hormones that promote sexual development and help to maintain a healthy reproductive system. The third forms of steroids are androgens. These are the male hormones called testosterone, which lead to secondary sexual characteristics and also help to maintain the male reproductive system. These specific forms have been labeled a highly addictive and are frequently abused, they are referred to as anabolic steroids.

History of Steroids

Until the year 1935 scientists never knew that testosterone steroids were associated with an increase in muscle production. During the next two years scientists found through research with dogs that in certain circumstances steroids had an increase on muscle mass production. The recent observations that steroids were associated with muscle mass production and strength came in 1954 with Olympic weight lifters. In 1956, Dianabol (Methandrostenolone) was first marketed in the United States clearing the way for athletic use of anabolic steroids. At first only world class Olympians used steroids, and these athletes were involved in strength oriented competitions such as weight lifting. It was not until 1964 that steroids were recognized as being a problem within athletes. Both athletes and trainers during this time period were using these steroids in high doses and as well in dangerous combinations that were not supported by scientific research. This form of anabolic steroid abuse was spread through the athletic community openly through articles and conversation. Even in scientific research today scientists have never tested high doses of steroids used in multiple steroid combinations.

How Are Steroids Used

There are two ways for anabolic steroids to be taken into the body, both orally and injected. Oral steroids are highly potent and are excreted fairly rapidly from the body due to short metabolic half-lives (usually within weeks). So, oral steroids are the first choice from athletes who want to rapidly improve their performance and try to escape from the drug tests. Unhappily, these drugs are the most toxic and which have more side effects. Injecting a steroid is less potent and generally exhibits delayed uptake into the body, especially if they are oil-based dilettantes. They have less liver toxicity than oral steroids, but athletes, in having detectability in drug tests for long periods are less using them.

Generical Name Commercial Name Administration Retail Price Black-Market Price

Oxymetholone Andral Oral $90/100 TABS $300/100 TABS

Testosterone Cypionate Depo-Testosterone Injectable $35/10mL $200/10mL

Stanazolol Winstrol V Injectable $250/30mL $400/30mL

Boldenone Equipoise Injectable $150/30mL $450/30mL

Oxandrolone Anavar Oral $75/100 TABS $150/100 TABS

Methoanrostenolone Dianabol Oral $100/100 TABS $200/100 TABS

Effects of Steroid Use

The exact numbers can never reflect the actual instances of the negative side effects associated with anabolic steroid usage. It has become apparent that anabolic/androgenic steroid usage has negative effects on the following systems of the body: liver and cardiovascular, central nervous, muculoskeletal, endocrine, and reproductive systems. The chart below shows each of the side effects in respect to the system that is effected, as well as if the effects are permanent or just temporary.

SYSTEM ADVERSE EFFECT REVERSIBILITY

Cardiovascular Increased LDL Cholesterol Yes

Decreased HDL Cholesterol Yes

Hypertension Yes

Elevated Triglycerides Yes

Arteriosclerotic Heart Disease No

Reproductive-Male Testicular Atrophy Yes

Gynecomastia Possible

Impaired Spermatogenesis Yes

Altered Libido Yes

Male Pattern Baldness No

Reproductive-Female Menstrual Dysfunction Yes

Altered Libido Yes

Clitoral Enlargement No

Deepening Voice No

Male Pattern Baldness No

Hepatic Elevated Liver Enzymes Yes

Jaundice Yes

Hepatic Tumors No

Peliosis Hepatis No

Endocrine Altered Glucose Tolerance Yes

Decreased FSH, LH Yes

Acne Yes

Musculoskeletal Premature Epiphyseal Closure No

Tendon Degeneration Unknown

Central Nervous Mood Swings Yes

Violent Behavior Yes

Depression Yes

Psycoses Yes

As well as there being negative side effects, there are great benefits of taking steroids. Steroids have been used for several years for the treatment of asthma, used in order to strengthen the lungs and the diaphragm. Steroids have been studied and are now being used in the treatment of Lupus. Corticosteroids are extremely effective anti-inflammatory agents and can be very helpful in treating active lupus, despite their significant side effects. As far as anabolic and androgenic

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