Planets And Solar System Essay Research Paper

Planets And Solar System Essay, Research Paper

“A planet is a celestial body that revolves around a

central star and does not shine by its own light ” (Grolier,

1992). The only planetary system that is known to man is our

solar system. It is made up of nine planets which range in size

and make-up. The nine major planets in our solar system are

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and

Pluto. There are also many other minor planets which are also in

our solar system, but they are unimportant compared to the nine

major planets. In this paper I will discuss the planets and how

they are each unique.

Mercury which is the planet that is closest to the sun is

the first planet I will discuss. Mercury is the smallest of the

inner planets. It is speculated that the heat from the sun made

it impossible for the gases present to become part of the

planetary formation. The surface of Mercury is extremely hot.

It is approximately 470 degrees celsius on the surface and is

thought to be even hotter at the two ” hot spots.” These ” hot

spots ” are on opposite ends of the equator. It is the heat of

the surface that makes it impossible for Mercury to have any type

of atmosphere.

Mercury orbits the sun once every 88 days and has a true

rotation period of 58.6 days. ” It is the closest planet to the

sun and therefore orbits faster than any other planet ”

(Thompson/Turk, 542, 1993). It is said that Mercury rotates

three times for every two trips around the sun, so that during

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every alternate perihelon passage the same face points directly

at the sun. ” Geologically, the most remarkable features of

Mercury are compressional cliffs or faults, just the sort of

wrinkles that might form in the crust if the interior of the

planet shrank slightly ” (Morrison, 74, 1993). It is speculated

that it was the solidification of Mercury’s metallic core that

caused this global shrinkage. Mercury is also ” . . . enriched

in metal or depleted of rock ” (Morrison, 74, 1993). It is also

believed that some of the inner core of Mercury is still in a

fluid state.

Scientists also believe that Mercury’s surface is made partially

of silicate rock. The best way to describe Mercury is, ” . . .

small, heavily cratered and airless ” (Morrison, 71, 1993).

Venus is the second closest planet to the sun and is said to

” . . . most closely resemble Earth in size, density, and

distance from the sun ” (Thompson/Turk, 542, 1993). Venus is

known to most scientists as the sister planet to the Earth. It

is called this because it closely resembles the Earth’s mass,

density and diameter. The only thing different is that Venus ”

is shrouded in thick clouds that completely hide the surface of

the planet ” (Grolier, 1992). The surface temperature is also

much warmer than that of Earth.

Venus completes one revolution around the sun in 224.7 days.

This makes the Venusian day equal to 117 earth days. It is

thought that this slow rotation may be the reason why Venus has

no magnetic field.

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The atmosphere of Venus made up of 98% carbon dioxide and

2% Nitrogen. This atmosphere also has the presence of helium,

neon and argon. This is yet another thing which makes Venus

different from Earth.

The surface of Venus is quite a bit like that of the Earth.

The surface has volcanoes and smooth plains. ” Much of the

volcanic activity on Venus takes the form of Basaltic eruptions

that inundate large ares, much as the mare volcanism flooded the

impacted basins on the near side of the moon ” (Morrison, 93,

1993). One thing that differs from Earth is that there is no

water liquid on the Venusian surface.

Some of the scientific data that follows was taken out of

Cattermole’s book. The mean distance from the sun is 108.20 Km.

The equatorial diameter is 12,012 Km and the equatorial rotation

is 243 days. Finally the mass of Venus is 4.87*10^24

(Cattermole, 63, 1993). Venus, although different than Earth, is

still our sister planet.

Mars is the fourth furthest away from the sun and is

recognized by its reddish color. Mars is also very much like the

Earth. ” More than any other planet in the solar system, Mars

has characteristics that make it an Earth-like world “(Grolier,

1992).

One thing that is very similar to Earth is the rotation

period. Mars rotation period is only thirty seven minutes longer

than the Earth’s. This would explain why Mars has significant

seasonal changes just as Earth does. It is believed that the

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difference between winter and summer on Mars is even greater than

on Earth.

Mars is extremely hard to understand due to the effect of

blurring that is caused by the two atmospheres of Mars.

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