Social And Political Enviroment Of Tibet Essay

, Research Paper

The Social and Political Environment in Tibet Throughout Tibet s history, there has been a long-standing tension between Tibet and China. Before 940 ad. Tibet was known as a fierce country, constantly invading and conquering land. At that point in time, the general belief system was war. A person would rather die in war than of sickness. A golden arrow was worshiped. All of these things and more led to a very war-like civilization. After the introduction of Buddhism into Tibet, the people s ideas changed. Fortresses became monasteries, and warriors became monks. The introduction of Buddhism reinforced a belief that a person must do what is good for the benefit of the other. With this idea in mind, Tibet isolated itself and became a centrally religious nation. After the introduction of the first Dalai Lama, who is in essence the God King of Tibet, the political views of Tibet changed. Leaders from the Mongols would ask advice and spiritual guidance from the Dalai Lama, in return, the Mongols would provide protection. Even the situation with China died down. A peace treaty with China was even inscribed into one of the monasteries. The Tibetans live like this for a thousand years. The economy was fairly self-sufficient, relying on trade and agriculture. Tibet was virtually unknown to the world for so long because of its intense geography. Surrounded by the Himalayas can lead to isolation. Tibetans lived freely from day to day practicing their newfound religion of Buddhism. It is believed that Buddhism thrives in the Himalayas due to the unforgiving terrain. In Buddhism there is a belief that everything is changing, and clinging to anything causes suffering, so, with the Tibetans nomadic lifestyle, and harsh terrain, it is no wonder why Buddhism thrives in Tibet. During the lifetime of the 13th Dalai Lama relations with China began to grow tense again. China claimed to Great Britain that it had control, and always has had control of the Himalayan region of Tibet. Great Britain recognized the 13 Dalai Lama s position of Autonomy over Tibet. This all occurred in the early 1900s. The death of the thirteenth Dalai Lama encouraged the new regents to look for the new reincarnation of the Dalai Lama. It is said that 4 days after the death of the 13th Dalai Lama, he turned his head to the west, thus indicating where his regents should look for the reincarnated Dalai Lama. 5 years passed before the regents found the 14th Dalai Lama. The regents, during their search, heard of a boy who lived in the village of Takster. This boy apparently made references to Lhasa, the capital of Tibet, as his home. The regents focused their search. Upon reaching the small village of Taktser, the regents were confronted by a child who was born on 6 July 1935. The child s name was Tenzin Gyatso. Tenzin confronted the lead regent and informed the regent that his prayer beads were Tenzin s. This lead to further insight. The regents took the boy to a private house and laid objects that belonged to the 13th Dalai Lama on a table. Tenzin was then asked to identify which objects were his own. Tenzin correctly identified the objects of the 13th Dalai Lama. This was proof enough that Tenzin Gyatso was in fact the reincarnation of the 13th Dalai Lama, also known as Avalokitesvara, the Buddha of Compassion. Tanzin s enthronement ceremony took place on February 22, 1940 in Lhasa. He began his education at the age of six and completed the Geshe Lharampa Degree (Doctorate of Buddhist Philosophy) when he was 25 in 1959. At 24, he took the preliminary examinations at each of the three monastic universities: Drepung, Sera and Ganden. The final examination was conducted in the Jokhang, Lhasa during the annual Monlam Festival of Prayer, held in the first month of every year Tibetan calendar. In 1949, during the uprising of communism in China, Tibet was invaded. Due to Tibet s ideology, they had no substantial military. China easily crushed the Tibetan military and set up the TAR also known as the Tibetan Autonomous Region. This region is essentially a province in China. In essence, China, in its search for power, obliterated a country s independence. Tibet, the once peace loving country, was invaded and subject to Communist rule. Under this new communist rule, religion was and is seen as a poison. With this new anti-religion policy, over 6,000 monasteries were razed and destroyed. Approximately 1.2 million Tibetans were massacred; many of whom were peaceful monks. In 1959, peaceful protest broke out, only to be crushed by the Chinese Government. For the few monasteries that survived, China appointed government religious officials to be in charge. Recently, a decree has been ordered that ban pictures of His Holiness the Dalai Lama. China has encouraged monks and nuns to spy on each other, in hopes of capturing dissidents. Thousands of Tibetans each year are forced to move to neighboring countries. This migration includes crossing the Himalayas in search of freedom. China has essentially appointed government officials to every aspect of the Tibetan religion. For example the Panchen Lama was discovered (reincarnated) and before his official ceremony, was kidnapped by the Chinese government and remains the youngest political prisoner in the world, 5 years old. The Chinese government then stepped in and produced their own Panchen Lama, and sponsored their own ceremony, now many Tibetans are unaware that the Panchen Lama is