Great Britain Essay Research Paper GREAT BRITAINGreat

Great Britain Essay, Research Paper

GREAT BRITAIN

Great Britain is made up of three countries, England, Scotland and Wales. It is an island off the coast of north west of Europe. Britain is part of the United Kingdom of Britain and Northern Ireland. The capital is London.

Relief

There are many different landscapes in Britain, from high mountains to rolling hill sand valleys. Places like Wales, the Lake District and northwest Scotland have high mountains and steep slopes made out of solid rocks.

This landscape was made millions of years ago during the ice ages, when moving glaciers of ice made deep valleys, steep mountain slopes and long lakes. The southern and eastern parts of Britain are made up of smaller rocks that have weathered and become fertile farmland.

The highest point is Ben Nevis 1343 metres above sea level and the lowest point is Holme Fen 3 metres below sea level. The population is 57,970,200 people, the population density at 239 people per square km.

92% of British people live in urban areas while only 8% live in rural areas.

Great Britain is completely surrounded by sea, isolating it from the rest of Europe. No part of Britain is far from the sea, which is an important resource for fishing, tourism and ports.

Britain s rivers provide drinking water for towns, and irrigate farmers crops. However rivers can cause floods.

England

The northern and western portions are mountainous. The highlands – the Pennine Chain, forms the backbone of northern England. Rolling plains occupy most of central and eastern England. The western part of the central region is known as the Midlands. To the east lies The Fens, a marsh area. To the south, an elevated plateau slopes upward.

Scotland

The terrain of Scotland is mountainous but is divided into three regions, from north to south: the Highlands, the Central Lowlands, and the Southern Uplands. The Highlands occupy more than a half of Scotland, the most rugged region on the island of Great Britain.

Wales

Wales has an irregular coastline and many bays; the biggest is Cardigan Bay. Except for narrow and low coastal areas, mainly in the south and west, Wales is mostly mountainous.

Area

England 130,439km2

Scotland 78,772km2

Wales 20,768km2

Total 229,979km2

Climate

Great Britain has quite cool summers and mild winters. The weather changes from day to day. The climate is temperate the country does not have long periods when it is hot or cold.

Western parts of Britain receive more rain and snow during the year than south and east. This is because southwesterly winds bring water from the Atlantic Ocean to the west, which falls as rain where it meets the mountains on land. There are large amounts of water in this area and a shortage in the south and the east.

Britain s climate is getting warmer. Average temperatures have risen 0.5.c since 1850. This is enough to start the polar ice caps melting. If the ice caps continue to melt, large areas of southern and eastern England will be permanently flooded.

The mean annual temperature ranges between 11.1.c in the south and 8.9.c in the northeast.

Fogs, mists, and overcast skies are frequent, particularly in the inland regions.

Average Temperature

London January 4.5.c

July 18.c

Edinburgh January – 5.c

July 14.5.c

Scotland

Like the climate of the rest of Great Britain, Scotland is influenced by the surrounding seas. As a result, extreme changes are rare and temperate winters and cool summers are the major climate features. Low temperatures are common in the winter season. Precipitation ranges from about 3810mm annually in the western Highlands to about 635mm annually in eastern areas.

Wales

The climate of Wales, is a lot like England s, it is mild and moist. Annual rainfall changes with elevation, ranging from about 762 mm in coastal regions to more than 2540 mm in the Snowdon massif.

England

As a result of the relative warmth of the nearby seas, England has a moderate climate. Precipitation is heaviest during October, it averages about 760 mm annually in most of England.

Soil

England

England has some agricultural and mineral resources but must rely on imports of both. Approximately two-fifths of the land area is arable, and the richest soils are found in the east.

Scotland

The soil is generally rocky and infertile, except for that of the Central Lowlands.

Wales

Much of the soil of Wales is of infertile rocky or leached types. The most fertile soils are in the southeast and in a few coastal areas.

Vegetation

Only about 8.5% of Britain land is forested, and half of this was planted forty years ago. Britain s natural forest cover has been cut down over hundreds of years, especially in the 18th and 19th century.

Scotland

The most common species of trees indigenous to Scotland are oak and conifers mainly fir, pine, and larch. Large forested areas are rare, and woodlands are in the southern and eastern Highlands. Vegetation in the elevated regions consists largely of heather, ferns, mosses, and grasses. Practically all of the cultivated plants of Scot

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