Frankish Gaul To 814

– Paul Fourace Essay, Research Paper

.

Charles Martel 715 . 41, Pippin 741 . 68 and

Charlemagne 768 . 814 .

Politically conservative, stale Merovingian kingdom in

6th and 7th centuries..

688 o 714 Pippin II reestablishment political consensus on Francia .

growing solidarity of next 3 generations inspired by war success under

Carolingians . Francia position dominance in Western Europe. .

Charlemagne Romanised Frankish culture, anointed

emperor . continuity in terms of local rule. .

Changes . German speaking lands east of the Rhine

became integrated into the kingdom, new impetus central government, stronger

ties kings magnates, loyalty and military service, dukes less likely to go own

wat . rulers for the first time could make statements about nature public

authority .

Charles creates power bloc and concentration of

treasure strong anything else in Europe . take on other areas of the country

one by one . 20 years spent enforcing his claim to hegemony. .

Charles the Hammer . succession battes Saxony,

BavariamAquitane, Burgindy all getting power . need to rally around external

threats helped community reintegrate around Carolingian leadership .

opportunistic war lords around country after turmoil of 714 . lay bishopsetc,

easy for Ch Mart with resources Austrasia and Neustria behind him. .

Growth Carolingian power initial military success

allowed Martel to take advantage of balance of power . reputation for

despoiling church lands and settling warriors on them . establishing control 8th

century Francia reducing power independent lordships, confiscating resources

replacing with allies not systematic taking of church lands .

Stregthened power by count, abbo, bishops counts yes a

lot from own imperial aristocracy but continuity between Merovingian

aristocracy . took Carolingians whole generation to show worth . engrained that

Clovis descendants could be king of Franks . Charles Martel still needed

Merovingian mouthpiece. .

Charles Martel and successors proved themselves in war

against other peoples . increasingly with religious zeal 0 Afrabs, Frisians,

Saxons all non-Chrisitian invaders . lead territorial gain .

741 Charles Martlel dies, last 5 years without a King,

and can give royal property away . but succession crisis so not foregone

conclusion that he could given power to sons. .

Divides Kingdom between Carolman and Pippin III . 3rd

son different wife caused problems..

Dukes Aquitainr, Alemannia, Bavaria try to throw off Carolingian power .

Childeric III Merovingian king raised to thrown to show legitimacy Carolingian

rule. .

Carloman dies . Pippin releases Grifo . flees to Saxons

and beats him again . deep into Eastern Saxony . Pippin beats him again firmer

Frankish hold over Bavaria . Tassilo new Duke . Pippin spends last years life

trying to destroy Aquitainian independence. .

751 miliatrily Pippin impossible to beat, strengthen

association kingship by associating themselves reform of the church . to

legitimise power needed divine authority . Bonface cemented links between

Franks and the Papacy. Lombard pressure on the Romans needed new ally . reality

endorsed rather than enabled by the Pope, religious backing to royal authority,

furthered later. .

Pippin III continued war every year . Saxons Aquitains

. 53 Pope Stephen II winters Franks . makes sure Carolingians only ruling

family Francia . ties family St. peter to that of Pippin . eternally Franks

fight to protect papal interests . 755, 756 two low key campaigns against

Aistulf (Lombard King) pushing not conquering . once military power in hands of

Pope only a matter of time before Lombards commit sufficient offence for

independence to be crushed . 774. .

753 and 758 fought Saxons – always raided deep into but

religion and comms ade conquest impossible this stage . needed a generation,

genocide and deportations . could not be attempted until Aqutainian

independence crushed .

759 . 768 to crush Aquitainian independence, since late

7th century independent Dukes and churches, so needed to rid of

Dukes, ecclesiastical reform, recover royal property, reinstituting

ecclesiastical immunities, installing Frankish garrisons . Pippin dies 768 no

Carolingian succession crisis Charles and Carloman agreed division. .

Under Pippin III Francia stronger than ever before .

boundaries not stretch much further . more power than Clovis especially east of

Rhine . Hesse, Thuringia, Alemannia and Bavaria diocesan structure like west

Rhine . Bavaria native leader by submitted to P 3 . Saxony independent and

Frisia largely untouched. .

Power of Francia .massive conglomeration peoples and

territories, never lacked warriors, militarization socity, assertion central

control over military forces, so not u

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