Introductory

& Publications Photography Essay, Research Paper

Basics of film developing

This step, basics of film developing, is very important that can make a person

becomes a great photography. After knowing how to use the camera and how

to take the pictures, the next step is learning how to develop the film.

Although the person has a good negative; but a person doesn’t have a good

develop’s skill ,or doesn’t know the right way about developing, how can that

person makes a good picture. He/she should know how to develop film and

how to roll the film. Basic things about how to develop the film are listed in

the book entitled, INTRODUCTORY & PUBLICATIONS PHOTOGRAPHY

written by Dr.C. Wm. Horrell and Robert A.Steffes. That is

1. Turn off all the lights in the darkroom and unwind the film. (Roll

film, except 35 mm, must be separated from the protective paper). And then

unroll the paper until the end of the film is reached which is not attached to

the paper and will, therefore, form its own roll when separated.

2. Unroll until the other end is reached, which is attached to the paper

by tape. Tear film gently from the paper when loading the film onto a reel or

into a plastic apron.

3. At this point, handle film by the edges to avoid fingerprints on the

film’s picture area.

4. Fingerprints inflicted by pressure or moist fingers may show up on

the negative and in the finished print.

5. To remove the film from a 35 mm cartridge, pop off the retaining

ring with a bottle opener, allowing the roll to be removed.

6. The film is now loaded on a reel. This procedure is the best learned

by practicing with a film provided for this purpose, or an uncut, discarded

strip of negetive. Cut the leader of 35mm film square with scissors before

loading.

7. Some tanks use plastic aprons instead of reels.

8. With the reel or plastic apron now placed in the tank, and the cover

secure, turn on the lights and proceed to develop the film. needed chemicals

and equipment are pictured below.

9. Determine the temperature of the developer, then in turn determine

the time in minutes necessary to develop the film using a time-temperature

development chart. Set timer for recommended time.

10. Start the timer running. Then pour the developer into the tank. Tilt

the tank slightly so that air may escape. Don’t let an air-lock mislead into

thinking the tank is full when it isn’t.

11. Agitate the tank vigorously for the first 15 seconds. Then agitate

for about 5 seconds during each 30 seconds of development thereafter.

12. After developing time has elapsed, pour developer back into the

bottle. Do not pour it into the sink unless using a ” one-shot ” developer.

13. Immediately fill the tank with a short stop rinse and agitate for

about 30 seconds to a minute. When acid rinse is omitted, the film should be

rinsed in running water for about 30 seconds.

14. If acid rinse is to be re-used, pour it back into the bottle; otherwise,

pour it into the sink.

15. Fill tank with fixing bath solution and agitate vigorously for about

15 seconds. The lid may now be removed from the tank. The film should be

left on the reel in the tank for twice the time it takes to clear the film of its

milky appearance.

16. This illustration shows the milky appearance of a film just after it is

placed in the fixer. The film is opaque, and all of this mildness must be

dissolved out for proper fixation. Any hint of mildness, general or localized,

is a positive indication the film is insufficiently fixed. If the film takes too

much time to clear, the fixer is exhausted.

17. When properly fixed, the film is transparent and clear, as shown

below.

18. The fixer is then poured back into the bottle. Do not pour it into the

sink.

19. Place the tank under a cold water faucet or insert a hose into the

center of the tank and wash for 15 or 20 minutes. If the wash water is colder

than 65 degrees, it is advisable to treat the films in a hypo clearing agent

before washing.

20. After the film has been thoroughly washed, place about one drop of

a wetting agent in the tank of water. Agitate gently for about a minute. The

wetting agent will help prevent the formation of water marks on the film and

speed up drying time. Empty the tank of water and remove film from reel.

Wash the wetting agent off the tank, reel, or apron by rinsing thoroughly with

hot water.

21. Attach a film clip to each end of the film and hang up to dry in a

dust-free area. Using a windshield wiper as a squeegee, make two wipes

down the film on each side before hanging up to dry. Warm forced air will

speed film drying. Ordinary electric fans or hair dryers are suitable in the

absence of film drying equipment. (Horrell 15)

The steps taken to improve the product

After knowing how

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