Discuss The Role Of Management As An

Integrating Activity Essay, Research Paper

There is no one definition for

the term management. However Fayol (1916) defined the term management as; .To manage is to forecast and plan, to organise, to command, to co-ordinate

and to control...Mc Ilwee.T and

Roberts I, (1991): p.g117Management is not

homogeneous and is undertaken at all levels of the organisation, as it is an

integrating activity. Managers have to manage in order to achieve the overall

objectives and strategy of the firm. All firms are seeking effective managers,

and the quality of management is a key element of business success. In this

assignment the responsibility of management is going to be addressed. Henri Fayol (1961)

introduced four managerial roles and these were planning, organising,

commanding. Co-ordinating and controlling. Organising- being

responsible four jobs and tasks being carried out by individuals. Commanding-

giving orders and instructions and expecting them to be carried out.

Co-ordinating- all activities are arranged and adjusted in time and situation

to ensure smooth running. Controlling- involves directing, inspecting and

regulating work. Planning- determines in advance what should be accomplished

and how it should be accomplished. (Bounds G, Yorks L, Adams M, Ranney G, 1994)However Fayol has been

criticised by Mintzberg as it provides only vague managerial objectives. As an

alternative Mintzberg proposes ten roles. Three .interpersonal roles-figurehead (social activities), liaison

(communicating internally and externally),and leadership. Three informational

roles- monitor, disseminator (passing information to subordinates), spokesman

(passing information externally) and four decisional roles-entrepreneur (risk

taker), disturbance, handler, resource allocator and negotiator. The ten roles

mentioned are not easily isolated in practice but form an integrated whole. (Betts.P,

1989)An important and integral

part of management is the role of supervisors..The supervisor is usually regarded as being the first of the management

hierarchy of an organisation. Although the role varies between organisations,

generally the supervisor is the management person most directly concerned with

the workforce and with whom they have the most contact.. ( Lewis R and

Trevitt R(1995): pg. 355)They have a prime

responsibility for seeking that others do work. At the authors par time job .Boots

the Chemist. the supervisor constructs a rota, which entails what each employee

will be doing for the rest of the day at different times. For e.g. 9-10 chemist

counter 10-11 cash and wrap 11-12 break etc. It is the supervisor.s

responsibility that tasks are carried out. It is the employee.s duty to carry

out the task and the supervisor.s responsibility to make sure the tasks are carried

out. We also have job rotation therefore have a multi .skilful workforce. As

the store is very busy and sometimes there is short of staff others can do the

job as they have been trained. It is important to have good teamwork. Group

work is also an important management activity. Group work would enable

employees to share ideas with others. However, group work is not always

effective if employees dislike one another of have conflicting opinions. Brech (1957) identifies four

main elements of management and these being planning, control, co-ordination

and motivation. Today motivation is an important management activity. I.e. .getting

the members of the teams to pull their weight effectively..(E.Brech, (1975): pg.

12) .Whether of not workers carry out

tasks effectively will depend on the degree to which the manager motivates

them. As management is about getting things done it is therefore important to

motivate people so that tasks are carried out. In the authors part time job at .Boots

the Chemist. employees receive performance-related bonus. Whether or not you

receive a bonus is dependent on the contribution made by an employee to the

success of the firm. Each employee.s performance is monitored every week. Employees

at the firm were also asked to sign a contract saying that if any time is taken

of work during the Christmas period they will not be entitled to pay rise or Christmas

bonus. This has been newly introduced to avoid absenteeism, as the Christmas

period is the firm.s busiest period. In the eyes of the author this approach is

going to be very successful and that employees are going to be motivated to

work hard and attend work. Taylor had a very simplistic view of what motivated

people at work-money. Taylor however overlooked that people also work for other

reasons other than money. An alternative view to that of Taylor comes from

Herbery. ..Needs such as achievement and recognition are positive motivators

whilst others such as pay and working conditions, can determine if they are

satisfactory, but will not motivate positively for long if

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