Constructive Relations Essay Research Paper Constructive Relations

Constructive Relations Essay, Research Paper

Constructive Relations”In the name of peace, international cooperation, democracy, trade and human rights, the struggle for power is underway between the United States, and China. This struggle is motivated by the natural clash of national interests, and almost preordained process in the contemporary state system. The struggle for power has been the dynamic element of history, and it is likely to be in the future. International war(s) may or may not ensue between the two major powers, but their relations will remain competitive, and at times quite hostile.” (Malik, 1996). China over the last hundred years has gone about many changes, from being a nation of one, to a nation of separation, all because of different beliefs that the people held. China has seen a lot a war, whether it be with another country or among itself. China has the largest population of any country: 1,133,682,501. China’s population is expanding approximately 15 million each year. This rapid growth has occurred because China’s death rate has dropped severely. Since 1978 the Chinese government has promoted the one-child family among the Han. (All couples are urged to have only one child.) September of 1982, the Chinese Communist Party declared that the nation must limit be the end of the century it’s population to 1.2 billion. This goal will require an intense population control. Already 24 couples have pledged to have only one child. China is one of the oldest nations on earth; it has had an organized government established since about 1726 bc. On October 1, 1949, the Chinese Communist Party was established. The People’s Republic of China is organized as a hierarchy, a pyramid-like structure with the power concentrated at the top. The highest party office was the Chairman, Mao Zedong, who held it for more than 25 years. In order to ensure that the power Mao Zedong, held was never again concentrated in one person again, the new party constitution was adopted in 1982. Abolishing the Chairman’s full power. The National Party Congress is supposed to meet every five years. When it is not in session, a Central Committee of 200 members takes charge. They are elected by the congress. The Central Committee elects the Political Bureau, which consists of 25 full members and three alternates. Within the Political Bureau, is now where the power is concentrated, and the highest levels of decisions of state are made. The new government had taken control of a country tired by two generations of war and social conflict, and an economy torn by high inflation, and turned it into a steady shift toward a centralized national government. Beginning in late 1978 the Chinese Party has been trying to move the economy from a slow moving Soviet-style centrally planned economy to one that is more market-oriented, but still within the controlled political framework of the ridged Communist Party. The result has been a strong surge in production. Agricultural output doubled in the 1980s and industry also posted major gains, especially in coastal areas near Hong Kong and opposite Taiwan, where foreign investment and modern production methods helped spur output of both domestic and export goods. In China agricultural and rural activities are important for several reasons. Farming provides food and fiber needed for the livelihood of China’s people. At the same time, about 80 percent of the people depend on agriculture or related activities for their sustenance. Even though industry and manufacturing contribute the largest half of China’s total gross, agriculture is the economic way of life followed by most of the population. Agriculture provides employment for those just entering the work force. Which means between 12 and 16 million new workers each year. In China the industrial sector is, for purposes of government planning, composed of manufacturing, mining, electrical-power generation, and building and construction. By the mid 80s there were more than 300,000 industrial enterprises. The iron and steel industry is a priority in China. The country now produces a great variety of steel products such as, tungsten steels, stainless steels, heavy steel plate, and seamless pipe. People’s Liberation Army (PLA), named in 1946, is China’s military force. It consists of the army, navy, and air force. In the late 1980s the PLA was approximately 3 million strong, making it the world’s largest military force. The navy has 260,000 members, 25,000 naval air force, 6,000 in marines, 470,000 in air force, and 220,000 in air defense. The army is supported by a national militia of about 12 million and by a security force of more than 1.8 million. The navy has more than 1,700 vessels, including 90 submarines, one armed with nuclear missiles. The air force has an estimated 5,000 combat aircraft. Although China has made significant progress in developing nuclear weapons, in comparison with the U.S. or the former USSR, its arsenal is small. The Chinese Republic maintained an unsubstantial existence from 1912 until 1949. Although a constitution was adopted and a parliament convened in 1912, Yuan Shih-k’ai never allowed these institutions to inhibit his personal control of the government. Yuan, by popular opposition, was forced to restore the empire and install himself as emperor. He died in 1916, and political power passed to the provincial warlords for more than a decade. During Wold War I, Japan sought to gain a position of u