Progressivism Movements Essay Research Paper I The

Progressivism Movements Essay, Research Paper

I. The Origins of Progressivism A. A Spirit of Reform in the late 1800.s 1.

Henry George believed that poverty could be eliminated by using land

productively by everyone. Also taxing the nonproductive more than the

productive. 2. Edward Bellamy believed that the government should create a trust

to take care of the needs of the people rather than profit. 3. Many groups

wanted change for the majority of people such as the socialist, the union

members and members of municipal or city government levels. 4. Municipal reforms

in the late 1800.s and early 1900.s that gave cities limited self-rule

rather than state rule are known as Home Rule. B. Progressivism Takes Hold 1.

Progressivism aspects of reform from many programs and other movements. 2.

Because they were afraid of losing their high standard of living,

progressives. were afraid of revolution. 3. Progressives believed that the

government should play a bigger role in regulating transportation and utilities.

4. Develop better social welfare programs. 5. The suffrage movement became a big

issue among women. 6. Child labor laws as well as many other things were brought

about by government regulations. C. Progressive Methods 1. Journalist also

helped create support by alerting the public to wrong doing or muckrakers. 2.

Investigating the issue then publicizing the results putting pressure on

legislators to take action is known as Systematic manner. D. Florence Kelley 1.

Kelley was recommended for investigating the labor conditions around Chicago. 2.

Kelley earned a law degree so that she could prosecute violators of child labor

laws as well as regulations in sweatshops. 3. Kelley believed in municipal

reforms after a political favor placed another inspector in her place. 4. 1899

National Consumers League was organized (NCL) II. Progressivism: Its Legislative

Impacts A. Urban Reform 1. Reform began mostly at the city level 2. Some machine

politicians worked with reformers to improve voter registration, city services,

established health programs and enforced tenant codes. 3. By 1915 two out of

three cities owned utilities. 4. Welfare services were put into effect. 5. Hazen

Pingree put in parks, baths, and put into effect a work-relief program. B.

Reforms at the State Level 1. Progressive governors also got involved with the

movement. 2. LaFollette brought about a direct primary in which voters elect

nominees for upcoming elections. 3. Employers and employees negotiating

differences as well as workers accident insurance became major reforms in the

work place. 4. The Supreme Court said that it was illegal to set maximum hours

for workers because it violated the individuals right to make a contract with

the employer – 1905 Lochner vs. New York. 5. The Supreme Court upheld a decision

that limited women.s work hours to 10 hours per day – 1905 Muller vs. Oregon.

6. The National Child Labor Committee convinced about 30 states to abolish Child

Labor by 1907 . 7. In 1912 minimum wage for women and children was put into

effect in Massachusetts. 8. Women were replaced with men because they would work

longer for less wages 9. Women.s push for voting rights was stifled by the

belief that females are physically weaker. D. Reforms at the Federal Level 1.

The United Mine Workers called a strike lasting until Teddy Roosevelt insisted

that both sides submit to arbitration – May, 1902. 2. A process in which an

impartial third party decides on a legally binding solution is known as

arbitration. 3. Teddy Roosevelt threatened to use the army to take over the

mines if the owners didn.t accept the agreement. 4. .Square Deal. reduced

miner.s hours from 10 to 9 and gave the miners a 10% raise while not

officially recognizing the minor.s union. 5. The Hepburn Act authorized the

IEC to limit rates if the shippers complained them unfair – 1906. 6. The Pure

Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act required accurate labeling of

ingredients, strict sanitary conditions, and a rating system for meats – 1906.

7. Holding companies are corporations that hold the stocks and bonds of numerous

companies thus achieving a monopoly. 8. John Muir and John Wesley Powell urged

congress, in 1872, to establish Yellow Stone as the United States first national

park. 9. Yosemite in California became a national park in 1890. 10. A National

Reclamation Act (1902) aimed at planning and developing irrigation projects

aroused controversy between city residents and farmers over use or water. 11.

1912 the United States government set up a Children.s Bureau within the

Department of Labor. 12. Women.s Bureau was also established in 1920. 13. Mary

Anderson and Julia Lathrop were the first women Bureau heads in the federal

government. 14. Prohibition was thought to protect society from poverty and

violence associated with drinking. 15. Women.s

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