NonVerbal Communication Essay Research Paper Spoken and

Non-Verbal Communication Essay, Research Paper

Spoken and non-verbal communication

Non verbal communication is often called body language because it involves the way we use our bodies and gestures not our spoken word to communicate. Non-verbal communication is 55% more powerful than the spoken word, it is believed by many that 60-80% of our message is communicated through body language and only 7-10% is communicated through the spoken words. It is therefore very important to understand the forms of non-verbal communication and their effects in order to communicate effectively within the care setting.

Many influential psychologists and researchers have written about non-verbal communication and have come up with their own theories on non-verbal communication.

Argyle (1983) “suggests non-verbal behaviours regulate encounters by obtaining feedback that is gaining information from how we respond” . Argyle wrote again about non-verbal communication and in 1988, he states “non-verbal style in which a message is communicated has more effect than the verbal message itself. Our non-verbal behaviour is the more reliable guide to our feelings”

Dr Gabriel Raam states that “body movement can indicate attitudes and feelings K. Our body movement includes the heads, eyes, shoulders, lips, eyebrows, neck, legs, arms, fingers, orientation, hands, and gestures K” . Dr Raam suggest that by paying attention to our body language we can use our bodies to introduce clarity and meaning to our verbal communication. Dr Raam calls non-verbal communication the kinesic code.

E.T. Hall a researcher was the first to use the term proxemics, Hall investigated man’s use of personal space and suggests that man use’s space as a means to communicate his feelings with others. He believes that mans use of space can either impede or promote communication and that man uses different zones of space within different types of communication. Hall also suggests that for a person to feel comfortable within a communication encounter then his or her personal space must be respected. Hall states ” Kthe area that humans control and use must often is their informal space Kan area that human protect from the intrusion of outsiders K” . Thus, Hall believes that we must respect each other personal space in order for effective communication to take place.

G.W. Porter believed that there are four types of non-verbal communication;

1. “physical- facial expressions,tone of voice, sense of tuch,sense of

smell and body motions

2. Aesthetic-this type of communication includes creative

expressions; playing instrumental music, dancing, painting and sculpture.

3. Signs- this type of communication includes the use of signal

flags, slautes,horns and sirens

4. Symbolic-this type of communication involves making the use of

religious, status or ego-building symbols.”

Porter believed that non-verbal communication was vital to effective communication he believed that in order to function effectively we must understand non-verbal cues and interpret them correctly.

Tortoriello, Blott and DeWine also wrote about non-verbal communication and they jointly defined non-verbal communication as ” The exchange of messages primarily through non-linguistic means, including: kinesics (body language), facial expression and eye contact, tactile communication, space and territory, environment, paralanguage and the use of silence and time.”

Lamb also believed that non-verbal communication was vital in order to achieve effective communication. Lamb called his research movement analysis and he investigated the way that we use movement, facial expression, eye contact, tactile communication, personal space, environment, paralanguage and silence and time in order to convey our messages effectively. Lamb states ” Kit is important for you to develop some sensitivity to non-verbal messages. Co-operation improves as we recognise and respond appropriately to non-verbal cues”

Bandura also wrote about non-verbal communication, in 19977 he states”indivdiuals have learnt to behave in particular ways non-verbally usually responding differently in different situations”

Dr. David Givens is also an influential writer on non-verbal communication and he believes that there are about 125 recognisable signals of non-verbal communication. Givens believes that non-verbal communication signals persons true feelings and these may be different to the actual spoken word. Givens states “non-verbal communication is the process of sending and receiving wordless messages K. Non-verbal cues include all the signs and signals-audio, visual, tactile and chemical used by human beings to express themselves apart form manual sing language and speech.” Givens believes that humans use non-verbal communication naturally and that it is firmly grounded in evolutionary development, he further states that “non-verbal communication is culture-free: it applies worldwide. People can go anywhere and understand these signals, even if they don’t know the spoken language.”

Meharian also wrote about the importance of non-verbal communication. He believes that non-verbal communication accounts for the majority of the message that we portray to other he states “verbal cues provide 7% of the meaning of the message, vocal cues 38%, a

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