Untitled Essay Research Paper Roy began work

Untitled Essay, Research Paper

Roy began work on her theory in the 1960s. She drew from existing work of

a physiological psychologist, and behavioral, systems and role theorists.

She was keenly interested in the psycho/social aspects of the person from

the start and concentrated her education on this aspect of Person. Thus,

the language/thinking of psychology and sociology became second nature to

her. The need for intense study of the language and ideas behind Roy’s Adaptation

Model is its biggest drawback in applying it to many clinical areas. The

confusion in the physiological mode’s categories could be explained by her

concentrating on the psych social during her education.

In 1980, Roy and Reihl advocated a single unified model

of nursing and suggested this would insure stability of the discipline of

nursing. They maintained concepts and propositions of other models could

be combined in summary statements related to person, goals of nursing and

the nursing process. According to Fawcett, this position is a simplistic

solution to a difficult problem. Nursing, with its limited experience with

metaparadigms and conceptual models, is not ready for restrictions on its

ways of thinking. It’s my belief that this act of advocating a single unified

model was an act of multi-oppressed thinking influenced by men, the Roman

Catholic Church and the medical world.

During a 1987 conference of nursing theorists, Sister

Roy made a number of deferring remarks to a speech made earlier by a male

Bishop.

Fawcett also says the Roy Adaptation Model has an extensive Page 2

vocabulary and that some familiar words (ie adaption) have been given new

meanings in Roy’s attempt to translate mechanistic ideas into organismic

ones.

Oppressed Group Behaviour:

-assimilating the values and characteristics of the Oppressors.

-Nursing leaders represent an elite group promoted because of their allegiance

to maintaining the status quo.

-leaders of Oppressed Groups are controlling, coercive and rigid.

Oppressors:

-education is important to maintaining the status quo.

-Roy’s Model follows the Medical Model and tends to be Totalitarian and therefore

is familiar to Medicine – they would want to encourage it.

-behaviour preferred by Oppressors is rewarded.

-token appeasement (approval) is given to halt change or revolt.

The contributions of this conceptual model are that it

will lead to more systematic assessments of clients and an increased quality

of nursing practice. It could foster nursing knowledge through organized

research and it could provide a more organized curriculum.Roy’s definition of person

Roy defines the person as an Adaptive Open System. The

Systems’ Input is: a) three classes of stimuli: focal, contextual and residual,

within and without the system and b) the systems’ adaptation level or range

of stimuli in which responses will be Page 3

adaptive. Inputs are mediated by the systems’ Regulator (psychological) and

Cognator (Psych/social aspects of person) subsystems. The system runs into

difficulty when coping activity is inadequate as a result of need deficits

or excesses. System effectors (body organs that become active with stimulation)

are the four modes (physiological, self concept, role function and

interdependence) that the Cognator and Regulator can demonstrate activity

through. Output of the person as system may be adaptive or ineffective. Adaptive

responses contribute to the goals of the system ie: survival, growth promotion,

reproduction and self mastery. Ineffective responses do not contribute to

the systems’ goals.

The person receives nursing care. Roy implies the client

has an active role in care and that he is a bio-psycho-social being who

constantly interacts with a changing environment.

The focus of nursing is the person. Roy in 1978, commented

that although the model may be applied to family, community in society it

was developed specifically for the person (medical model influence -

Totalitarianism)

Perception links the Cognator and Regulator. Inputs to

the Regulator are transformed into perception. Perception is a process of

the Cognator, responses following perception are feedback into both the Regulator

and Cognator.

Of the Cognator, there are three modes described by Roy.

Self concept is the need for psychic integrity and perception of worth.

Role function is the need for social integrity, and interaction Page 4

with others. Interdependence is the balance of dependence/ independence with

others.

I like the concept of person as open systems and the concept

of dividing ’stimuli’ into focal, contextual and residual categories. There

is definitely a need for more emphasis and understanding of the person’s:

cognitive coping mechanisms.

Again, Roy tends to i

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