The History Of Eastern Europe Essay Research

The History Of Eastern Europe Essay, Research Paper

Course Background

Dominant Civilizations

1. The dominant civilization at the time was the Roman Empire.

2. Western Europe was right behind the Roman Empire in civilization.

3. With the fall of the Roman Empire, Western civilization fell.

The split of civilization

1. Western Europe began to slit in to seperate counries.

2. Less people used Latin as a form of communication.

3. This made international communication difficult.

4. Many different languages emerged.

5. Christianity split up with the rise of Protestantism.

6. Religeon began to decline.

A. There were lees religeous wars.

B. The last religeous war was in 1648 (The 30 yrs. war)

1) Millions of people died.

2) Approxmiatley 1/3 of the population perished.

Science and TEchnology

In the early 1830’s Faraday discovered the relationship between electricity and magnetism

This allowed for the abilit yot generate electrcity

Samuel Morse developed the telegraph

By the late 1800’s radios and x-rays were developed

Chemistry took off in the 1860’s

Scientists discovered that there were such things as elements

The periodic table was invented

Synthetic chemicals took off

Biology took off in the 1850’s

Pastuer discovered what bacteria were

Charles Darwin worked out the relationship between the species

He came up with the theory of evolution and Natural Selection

The development of Nationalism

France

In France Napoleon III harnesses Nationalism as a motivator tio get thim elected as president.

THis of course worksmand the people later grant him the status of Emperror.

TO make the people happy he held frequent votes in the National Assembly but kept little power with them

Italy

People wanted to unite

The government was run by Cavour

Garribaldi holds a revolution and conqueres the southern parts of Itlay then just hands them over to Cavour

order toi unite Itlay

Germany

THey also wanted to be united

Prussia was the dominant government

Bismark was running the governemnt for the King

HE was a conservative Aristcrat and hated the idea of a democracy

Prussia wars with the Danes, Austria and France and wins them all

This brings the people of Germany together and they unite under Nationalism

GErmany becomes the strongest power in Europe

“Absolutist” Governments in the seventeenth century

Background

1. Previous kings had more restrictions.

2. The church had separate power then the government.

3. The “Nobles” or Aristocrats usually had more armed forces than the kings did.

4. The Estates or Parliament represented certain groups in society.

5. There was a lack of government officials.

6. The less number of bureaucrats there were meant less control over the general population.

Spanish government

1. The Spanish had more power during this period.

2. They had begun to expand over the Atlantic Ocean to Mexico and Peru.

3. The Spanish used the gold and silver found in the new land for buying a bigger and better army.

4. This big army made Spain the most powerful nation during the early 1600’s.

5. After a few generations the gold and silver depleted and Spain lost its power.

6. The nation was later left to be ruled by a member of the French royal family.

French government

1. In the late 1500’s the French was split between the Catholics and the Protestants.

2. There was non-stop fighting between the two for the crown of France.

3. In the 1580’s, Henry Burbon began winning battles and was sought top be the next ruler of France.

A. Henry Burbon was Protestant.

4. Henry soon became king of France.

A. He converted to Catholicism for political reasons

B. He gained the title, Henry IV king of France

5. Henry IV issued the Edict of Nantes.

A.The Edict of Nantes stated that the king had converted to Catholicism and that he officially gave Protestants the right to have private armies.

6. Eventually Henry IV died.

7. The next king in line for the throne was too young.

8. His name was Henry V.

8. Being too young, his mother let the Cardinal Richelieu control the government.

10. Richelieu was noted for really starting the “absolutist” movement of the governments.

11. He worked to cut the power of the Nobles.

12. Richelieu also spent a large amount of time destroying Protestant castles and ridding the Protestants of their private armies.

13. He was also responsible for creating a bureaucracy by assigning Intendants.

A. Intendants had power over certain sections of the state.

B. They ruled in the name of the king.

14. Richelieu also raised the taxes in France as much as possible.

15. King Henry V and Richelieu die at almost the same time.

16. The Nobles do a major grab at the king’s power.

17. L

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