Cloning Right Or Wrong Essay Research Paper

Cloning Right Or Wrong Essay, Research Paper

Cloning of Humans Right or Wrong

Is cloning humans morally and ethically wrong. Are researchers taking many unnecessary risks with all the unknown affects it could bring to the human clone and the ethics of our society today.

The term clone refers to a group of organisms that are genetically identical. Most such clones result from asexual reproduction, a process in which a new organism develops from only one parent (World Book Encyclopedia).

To give you a little history of cloning, it began a long time ago the first actual living thing that was cloned was the tadpole in 1952.

The next living thing to be cloned was a mouse in 1976. They were injected with human DNA so they could study diseases and cures for them.

The first mammal, sheep and cows are cloned from embryonic cells. They contain genetic materials from both parents because the embryos are sexually fertilized.

An experimental technique has been developed for cloning certain higher animals. This process involves destroying the nucleus of an egg cell of the species to be cloned. The nucleus is than removed from a body cell of an animal of the same species. This donor nucleus is injected into the egg cell. The egg, with its new nucleus, develops into an animal that has the same genetic makeup as the donor (Andrews 33-34). If a number of eggs receive transplants from the same donor, the resulting offspring form a clone. This was the method used in the procedure to clone a sheep (Andrews 22-23).

All of these methods were to help the human race. If they would clone human organs, that would be expectable because they are helping the human race have a better and longer life (Science Vogel).

The process of cloning mammals will have many different out comes. For instance it took scientists who created Dolly (lamb) 277 tries, nineteen of those 277 were deemed healthy while the others were discarded. Five of those nineteen survived, but four of them died within ten days of birth of sever abnormalities. Dolly was the only one to survive (Fact: Adler 1996).

If those nuclei were human, “the cellular body count would look like sheer carnage” (Logic: Kluger 1997). Even Ian Wilmut, one of the scientists accredited with the cloning phenomenon at the Roslin Institute agrees, “the more you interfere with reproduction, the more danger there is of things going wrong” (Expert Opinion).

Cloning humans is more complicated, even more deaths and lethal birth defects can be expected during experimentation process. If these clones have any of the feelings that real human beings have just think of what they would be putting the clones through, it could be severely harmful to them emotionally and physically. Cloning could result in the introduction of additional defects in the human gene pool. There are also to many unknown factors that could adversely affect the offspring (McGee 5).

If cloning of humans is granted, it may diminish the sense of individuality (The Advertiser). If it did become perfected individuality would be lost because everyone would be so similar. The special differences in everyone that make up society today would be lost; cloning could change the whole future. The psychological harm to the children, they may suffer a diminished sense of individuality and personal autonomy. A cloned child may feel that their future is constrained by the life path of their gene donor. Their life would seem to be predestined for them (Kass 34-35).

There are so many unknown factors of cloning humans we would really not know the complete out come unless they extend their research through the whole process of life until the death of the human clone. This way researchers can make sure the clone will advance as real humans do, with the brain processing the information correctly and the organs aging and working as they should. Even if the clone may appear normal it might have inherited genetic damage that would eventually show up as premature aging or some other disorder.

Leading to the perfection in cloning humans the possibility of physical harm to the embryo and newborns is one of the main factors. Many will result in death. Even if the infant clone survived, there was no guarantee that it would develop normally. There is a fear that clones will have accelerated aging process since the cell used in the cloning procedure will have been exposed to a lifetime already (Andrews 33).

Cloning might lead to the creation of genetically engineered groups of people for specific purposes, such as warfare or slavery. They may also attempt to improve the human race according to an arbitrary standard. Ethicists have voiced concerns that cloning, combined with various techniques of genetic engineering, could lead to efforts to selectively breeding children who are healthier and even more intelligent. (Time Magazine)

Ethical questions have also been raised about cloning s effects on parenting and family life. Parents of clones might value their children according to how closely they met some overly detailed, preordained specifications. Cloning, therefore, could undermine basic elements of a loving, nurturing family, such as the acceptance of each child as a unique individual.

Some ethicists voice fears that human clones might be considered less than human. A clone might hav

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