Text And Traditions Work Requirement One Historical

Text And Traditions: Work Requirement One Historical Reconstruction Essay, Research Paper

Text and Traditions: Work Requirement One Historical Reconstruction

Major events in Jewish history to the first century AD

1250 BC Fall of Jerusalem to the Romans.

931 BC Divided Kingdoms.

721 BC Fall of Samaria.

587 BC Fall of Jerusalem, Babylonian captivity.

333 BC Jews under Hellenistic rule.

63 BC Jews under Roman rule.

70 AD Fall of Jerusalem to the Romans.

Major events between 50 BC – 100 AD

63 BC – 40 BC Hyrcanus2 rules, but is subject to Rome.

41 BC – 30 BC Antony Caesar Roman Emperor.

40 BC – 37 BC Parathions conquer Jerusalem.

38 BC – 4 BC Herod rules as king. Subject to Rome.

37 BC Jerusalem besieged for 6 months.

32 BC Herod Defeated.

31 BC – 14 AD Caesar Augustus Roman Emperor.

19 BC Herod’s Temple begun.

16 BC Herod visits Agrppa.

4 BC Herod dies; Archelaus succeeds.

37 AD – 41 AD Caliguta Roman Emperor.

41 AD – 54 AD Claudius Roman Emperor.

54 AD – 68 AD Nero Roman Emperor. The first persecutor of Christians.

66 AD Jews in Palestine tried to revolt. Were crushed by

Titus.

69 AD – 79 AD Vespasia Roman Emperor. He continued the persecution.

70 AD Jewish temple destroyed. Small part of the wall left

standing.

79 AD Titus Roman Emperor.

Detailed analysis of major Jewish groups of the time

Pharisees The Pharisees were a group of Jews, that believed strongly against the

adoption of Greek ways. They wanted to uphold and protect their fragile Jewish

culture, from the Greek influence that was flooding into Israel at the time.

They developed as haters of the tradition Greek ways, because of their customs

were related to idolatry and immorality. They joined up with a group know as the

Hasmoneans and proceeded to conduct a rebellion against the Greek. After gaining

religious freedom, they then separated from their new partners, and formed the

breakaway party, known today as the Pharisees (meaning .the separated’). They

had extreme power in the synagogue, and eventually turned it into the center of

the Jewish faith. This didn’t last forever, as it was finally replaced by the

temple, erected by David.

Saducees The Sadducees (Sons of Zadok) seemed to be a group of aristocratic

priestly families, that were powerful within the High Priesthood. They held a

monopoly over all the High Priesthood positions and were also powerful in the

Sanhedrin. They came across as being a very selfish group that retained their

rights and traditions, and also trying to stay on the good side of the Roman

Empire. Unlike the Pharisees, they were rigid and closed in sect, and not open

to change. When the Romans destroyed the temple, they disappeared and were never

heard from again.

Zealots The Zealots were a group of radical extremists, that were the cause of

many uprisings throughout their history, and eventually they lead a revolt

against the Romans in 66-73 AD. To stop this, the Roman Emperor destroyed the

third temple, which lead to the end of the uprising. This not only lead to their

downfall, but that of the Jews when they were crushed by Emperor Titus in 73 AD.

Qumrans/Essenes They were an important Jewish group in the community around the

time of Jesus. Although it wasn’t until 150 BC until they emerged, they lived

their lives according to a strict set of beliefs and rules. To join the group a

three year probationary period was imposed to new comers. Members were bound to

keep secret the doctrines and practices. Its is believed that John the Baptist

was and Essene, and had high connections to their community. The discovery of

the Dead Sea Scrolls has shed a lot more light on the practices of the Essenes.

These discoveries have proved that some Christian qualities and beliefs are an

exact copy of that of the Qumrans/Essenes.

Samaritans Samaritans originated from the area located between Judea and Galilee,

when the Assyrian settlers intermarried with the Jews that lived there. The

population created followed all the laws of Torah in their own special way, and

considered themselves to be Jewish. The normal Jews did not accept this, as

intermarriage between Jews and Gentiles was forbidden. Throughout the bible, it

has been documented that the Samaritans and the Jews were at each other throats,

constantly.

Analysis of major philosophical ideas of the time

Platonism Plato was an ancient Greek philosopher who taught in the period

between 427 and 347 BC. He reasoned that the senses can’t be trusted, and that

one must use reason and maths, to solve problems and to guide oneself throughout

life. Plato was a student of Socrates and throughout his works, he drew from

other Greek philosophies, although as time progressed, he developed an entirely

different philosophical form of thi

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