The Microscope Experiment 1 Cells Essay

The Microscope Experiment . 1 (Cells) Essay, Research Paper

THE MICROSCOPE

EXPERIMENT . 1

BACKGROUND:

The use of a microscope is to provide a magnified view of objects (that are being analysed) that are otherwise to small to be seen by the naked eye. They can be described according to their illumination and lens arrangement.

(i) Microscopes are able to use either light or electrons as their illumination source, which are respectively known as light powered and electron microscopes.

(ii) Monocular microscopes have a single eye piece where as binocular microscopes posses two eye pieces, position side by side for simultaneous viewing with both eyes.

(iii) A simple microscope consists of one single lens system where as a compound microscope consists of two main lens systems, an ocular and objective, which are superimposed over each other to provide greater magnification.

In Biology, microscopes can also be described according to some specific purpose such as dissecting microscopes, which are commonly referred, as dissectors are especially suitable for use while dissecting very small or delicate specimens.

Microscopes are usually equipped with a series of interchangeable eyepiece lenses (oculars), each with different individual magnifications. Majority of ocular magnification is as followed: X4, X5, X6, X7, X8, X10, X12, and X15.

On a typical monocular microscope objectives magnification found is as followed:

X4 = SCANNING POWER = S.P.

X10 = LOW POWER = L.P.

X40 = HIGH POWER = H.P.

To find the overall magnification factor obtained when using any microscope is calculated by the following mathematical formula:

OCULAR magnification X OBJECTIVE magnification = OVERALL magnification

The condenser lens is situated below the stage and causes light rays to converge on to the specimen situated on the stage, thus illuminating is adequately when magnified by the viewing lens.

The amount of light passing through the condenser lens can be varied by opening and closing the iris diaphragm, situated at the bottom of the condenser.

AIM:

(i) To become familiar with the features and function of the monocular and stereo microscopes.

(ii) To gain first hand experience in sketching scientific diagrams from prepared slides.

EQUIPMENT USED:

Monocular microscopes, microscope lamp, lens cleaning tissue, lens-cleaning fluid, and various prepared slides.

PROCEDURE:

When using a monocular microscope, adjust the condenser lens so that it comes to rest against the bottom of the stage. Wind it down about 2mm below this level; now it.s in the ideal position. The iris diaphragm should also be readjusted each time a slide is moved from S.P to L.P. H.P.

Obtain the first of the prepared slides and examine it under the scanning power. (ALWAYS begin with the S.P. then the L.P. and finally the H.P.! NEVER the other way round!). Adjust the course focussing mechanism followed by the fine focus knob . this will assure maximum clarity. Having adjusted the course focus whilst operating the scanning power setting, there is no need to use it again with either the L.P. or H.P. magnifications. Use only the FINE FOCUS with these magnifications.

N.B When operating either focussing mechanism, ALWAYS adjust the two wheels TOWARDS yourself, NEVER away from you! This will insure that the objective moves AWAY from the side NOT towards it, therefore the objective it CANNOT be rammed through the specimen slide!

In Scientific sketching, try to keep BOTH eyes open, using one to peer down the microscope, and using the other eye to draw with. In addition, the sketches should ALWAYS include: A Title, Magnification factor, Labels (if possible) and be approximately . -1 full page in size.

DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION:

Microscopes have many components, but one component was used at all times and most likely without even noticing you used it. That component is sits at the top of the microscope, which you look through and it is call the ocular. The ocular is interchangeable with different individual magnifications including X10, which was used in examining all prepared slides. Therefore, even if the objective magnification was X4 (S.P.), X10 (L.P.), or X40 (H.P.) the ocular did not change it was still the same magnification of X10. By using the mathematic formula of Ocular times, Objective will equal to the overall magnification you were using while examining a slide.

These magnifications were:

OCULAR X OBJECTIVE = OVERALL MAGNIFICATION FACTOR

X10 X X4 = 40 times = S.P.

X10 X X10 = 100 times = L.P.

X10 X X40 = 400 times = H.P.

The specimens that are on slides come in many come colours and shape it depends on what specimen and which stain is used. In this experiment the prepared side specimens that were examined were an Ovary and Testes Colon Appendix that were pink, Striated Muscle was a purple red colour, and Grass Root Tip came in three colours red light blue and cream.

Each slide was examined with Scanning power, Low power, and High power, there are tremendous amounts of differences between the sides. Cause of out five the sides selected four are of from different parts of an animal and one is a plant slide. The main

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