Pipeline transport of Russia. Transneft

ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО ОБРАЗОВАНИЮ

ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ

ВЫСШЕГО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

НОВГОРОДСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ

ИМЕНИ ЯРОСЛАВА МУДРОГО

ИНСТИТУТ ЭКОНОМИКИ И УПРАВЛЕНИЯ

КАФЕДРА ИНОСТРАННЫХ ЯЗЫКОВ

Реферат по дисциплине «Английский язык»

Pipeline transport of Russia. Transneft. Трубопроводный транспорт России . Транснефть.

Проверила:

Преподаватель

Лебедева Е.А.

Выполнил:

Студент гр.2233

Новиков О.М.

· Великий Новгород

· 2007 г.

Содержание

1. Введение.…………………………………………………………………….…2

2. Pipeline transport of Russia. Transneft…………………………………….……3

2.1 History of pipeline transport of Russia…………………………………….…..3

2.2 Provision of environmental safety of the Baltic Pipeline System……………..8

3. Трубопроводный транспорт России. Транснефть………………………….11

3.1 История трубопроводного транспорта России……………………………11

3.2 Обеспечение экологической безопасности Балтийской трубопроводной системы…………………………………………………………………………..17

4. Заключение……………………………………………………………………22

5. Glossary………………………………………………………………………..23

6. Библиографический список……………………………………………….…24

Введение

Магистральный трубопроводный транспорт – важнейшая и неотъемлемая составляющая топливно-энергетического комплекса России. В стране создана разветвленная сеть магистральных газо-, нефте- и продуктопроводов, которые проходят по территории практически всех субъектов Федерации.

Системы трубопроводного транспорта – это тот рычаг, который позволяет государству регулировать поставки нефтепродуктов на внутренний и внешний рынки. Экспорт газа, нефти и нефтепродуктов в основном осуществляется трубопроводным транспортом, в том числе через морские терминалы. Морские терминалы в Новороссийске и Туапсе могут обеспечить вывоз сырой нефти в объеме 45 млн тонн в год. Степенью надежности трубопроводов во многом определяется стабильность обеспечения регионов России важнейшими топливно-энергетическими ресурсами. Российские трубопроводные системы наиболее активно развивались в 60-80-е годы. В настоящее время 35 % трубопроводов эксплуатируется более 20 лет, что требует повышенного внимания к их эксплуатационной надежности и технической безопасности

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History of pipeline transport of Russia

After the war, the intensive growth of oil production in the Volga and Urals region and in the new regions demanded the soonest development of transport communications. Already in the fourth five-year-plan period, new oil pipelines were built. One of them became the Tujmazy – Ufa (Naryshevo) – Ufa cracking plant. The decision on the start of construction was adopted by the former USSR Council of People’s Commissars on January 7, 1946. The Tsentr-Spetsprojekt Institute designed in 1946 a 350 mm in diameter and 182.8 km long pipeline with a throughput capacity 2 million tons a year and a growth option of up to 3 million tons. The construction was entrusted to the Central Department of the USSR People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs, which was later reorganized into Glavneftegazstroj (Central Committee for Oil and Gas Construction) of the USSR Council of Ministers.

Preparation of the pipeline route was started on April 10, 1946 near the Subkhankulovo village. Construction works were implemented by the Vostoknefteprovodstroj Trust, assemblage works – by the Construction-Assemblage Department No. 74 of the Glavneftegazstroj Trust No. 7, in-water crossings – by the Wet Excavations Department (EPRON).

This construction was vitally important at that period and employed over 20 thousand people. In two summer months of 1946 they succeeded in digging a 137 km long trench, which was ¾ of the route total length. Nearly all linear parts of the pipeline were built by hand: ground works, welding of pipes, laying of the anticorrosive bitumen-based coating. The pipes were laid down by cranes and tripods, but more often were slid down to the trench bottom by means of wooden heavers (levers). Simultaneously with that, the oil pump stations and houses were built in the Naryshevo and Subkhankulovo villages. The first foundation pit was dug on July 6, 1946, near the Subkhankulovo village and on August 23, 1946, the foundations of the diesel pump station and a housing block were laid down.

Some of the areas began to be filled with water and compacted in May 1947, and the pipeline molding was completed in August with the start of operations of the Naryshevo station equipped with NG-30/320 piston pumps and with 260 kW motor drives. In the molding process, 44 pipeline breakings were discovered, which was explained by low-quality pipes supplied by the Chelyabinsk pipe-rolling plant. By pumping oil into the pipeline, they gradually forced out the water pressure. The first batch of the Tujmazy Devonian oil arrived at the Ufa cracking plant on September 3, 1947, which marked the start date of its regular supplies. This day is considered a birthday of the system of the Ural-Siberian oil and oil products trunk pipelines. In 1949, the 300 mm diameter and 133 km long Tujmazy-Buguruslan pipeline was laid down. Other shorter pipelines were also built: Assake-Vakovsky, Majli-Assake, Kumdag-Vyshka in Middl

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