Forensic Science Essay Research Paper Forensic Science

Forensic Science Essay, Research Paper

Forensic Science, also known as Forensics, is the application of

science to law. It uses highly developed technology to uncover scientific

evidence in a variety of fields. Modern forensic science has a broad range of

applications. It is used in civil cases such as forgeries, fraud or negligence.

The most common use of forensic science is to investigate criminal cases

involving a victim, such as assault, robbery, kidnapping , rape, or murder.

Forensic science is also used in monitoring the compliance of various

countries with such international agreements as the Nuclear Non-Proliferation

Treaty and the Chemical Weapons Convention and to learn whether a country

is developing a secret nuclear weapons program. It can help law enforcement

officials determine whether any laws or regulations have been violated in the

marketing of foods and drinks, the manufacture of medicines, or the use of

pesticides on crops. It can also determine whether drinking water meets legal

purity requirements.

The medical examiner is the most important individual in an

investigation of a crime involving a victim. It is the responsibility of the

medical examiner to visit the crime scene, conduct an autopsy (examination

of the body) in cases of death, examine the medical evidence and lab reports,

study the victims history, and put all the information together in a report to be

turned in to the district attorney.

Medical examiners are usually physicians specializing in forensic

pathology, the study of structural and functional changes in the body as a

result of injury. Their training and qualifications most often include a medical

degree and an apprenticeship in a medical examiners office.

In the field of forensic science, there are many subspecialties. They

include odontology (the study of teeth), anthropology(the study of human

beings), psychiatry, biology, chemistry, physics, toxicology (the study of

poisons), and pathology (the examination of body tissues and fluids). The

medical examiner may call upon forensic scientists who are specialized in

these fields for help in a crime investigation.

Toxicology is a branch of forensic science that deals with the adverse

effects of drugs and poisonous chemicals found in the home, at work or in the

environment. All drugs have toxic effect but the effect is most often minor.

The toxic effect of drugs may produce only a little discomfort or they may be

serious enough to cause death. One of the most common cases of death by

poison is arsenic poison.

Pathology is the branch of forensic science that determines the nature

and course of diseases by analyzing body fluids and tissues. Pathology is

divided into clinical and anatomic pathology. Clinical pathologists contribute

to the diagnosis of diseases by measuring chemicals and cells in blood,

sputum, bone marrow and urine. Anatomic pathologists perform autopsies

and analyze tissues taken from patients during surgery or by biopsy.

The medical examiner investigates many different types of violent

crime to determine whether a violent death was an accident, a suicide, or a

homicide. In cases involving gunshot wounds, the medical examiner looks for

gunpowder residues on the clothing of the victim and around wounds. The

information is used to determine whether the gun was fired by the victim of

by someone else.

In the case of knife wounds, the medical examiner must distinguish

between a cut (an injury that is longer than deep) and a stab wound (an injury

that is deeper than long).He must also be able to identify a defense wound

which is a cut caused when a victim grabs the knife in self-defense. Cuts are

associated with suicide. The body of the victim usually has numerous parallel

cuts which indicate hesitant wounds or repeated hesitant trials before the final

cut is made. Homicides typically consist of one deep gash.

Medical examiners are also called upon to investigate cases of

asphyxiation or death form lack of oxygen in the blood. Asphyxiation may be

caused in a number of different ways, such as hanging , which can be an

accident, homicide or suicide, or strangling which is homicide. Damage to the

victims air passage by an object in the throat or compression of a victims

chest by a person or an objector the replacement of oxygen in the red blood

cells by another gas such as carbon monoxide poisoning. That too can be a

result of an accident, homicide or suicide.

In a death involving carbon monoxide poisoning a closed garage door

and no marks on the body are usually taken as an indication of suicide. The

presence of tools around the car and grease on the victims hands is an

indication of an accidental death. The presence of a wound caused by a blow

to the head or if there is no carbon monoxide in the blood of he victim

indicates a homicide that was made to look like a suicide.

Forensic s

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