Untitled Essay Research Paper The Trojan War

Untitled Essay, Research Paper

The Trojan War took place in approximately the 13th century. The ancient

Greeks defeated the City of Troy. The Trojan War started after an incident

at the wedding feast of Peleus, the king of Thessaly, and Thetis, a sea goddess.

All the gods and goddesses of Mt. Olympus had been invited except Eris, the

goddess of discord. Eris was offended and tried to stir up trouble among

the guests at the feast. She sent a golden apple inscribed “For the

most beautiful.” Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite each claimed the apple

as their own. Paris judged the quarrel and awarded the apple to Aphrodite

because she had promised him Helen, the most beautiful woman in the world.

Helen was already married to Kin Menelaus of Sparta but when visited by Paris,

she fled with Paris to Troy. Menelaus organized Greek war against Troy to

get Helen back. The Greeks battled for ten years but could not defeat Troy.

The fall of Troy occurred when the Greeks built a large hollow horse and

placed it outside the walls of Troy. The Trojans took the horse inside and

thought the had won the war and the horse was a gift from the Greeks. Later

that night, the Greeks stormed from the horse and opened the gates to allow

their fellow warriors in and the Greeks conquered the City of Troy.

Ancient Greece was the birthplace of Western civilization about 2500 years

ago. Greek civilization consisted mainly of small city-states. A city-state

consisted of a city or town and the surrounding villages and farmland. The

Greek city-states were independent and quarreled often with one-another.

These city states established the world’s first democratic government.

The Greeks believed that certain gods and goddesses watched over them and

directed their daily lives. Families would try to please these gods by offering

sacrifices, gifts, and ceremonies. Greeks flocked to oracles to consult priests

and priestesses to answer questions and fore-tell the future. Greek men enjoyed

drinking, talking, and dancing at parties. They also like sports and religious

festivals Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle are the most important Greek

philosophers. Socrates taught by carefully questioning his listeners to expose

the weaknesses of their ideas and arguments. Plato explored such subjects

as beauty, justice, and good government. Aristotle summed up the achievements

of Greek philosophy and science. His authority on many topics remained

unquestioned for more than 100 years Most Ancient Greeks were suspicious

of philosophers and their theories. They continued to believe in superstitions

and in myths. In 399 BC, an Athens jury sentenced Socrates to death for showing

disrespect to the gods. Greek architects, sculptors, and painters made great

contributions to the arts. They were trying to create ideal beauty based

on equal proportions. Greek sculptors portrayed figures of gods, goddesses,

and human beings. The most famous Greek sculptors were Phidais, Praxiteles,

Lysippus, and Myron. Music often was played with Greek plays. Melody was

common and harmony was not. The government of Athens was headed by Pericles

for most of the Golden Age. An assembly of all male citizens would pass the

laws, at the height of its power, Athens had the most advanced democracy

in Greece. The Parthenon in Athens is a Greek Temple. Athena was the goddess

of wisdom and warfare. Apollo the god of the sun and of poetry represented

the ideal young man.

The ancient Greeks built Athens upon a great plateau upon a great hill. The

flat hill covers about ten acres. Athens became known as the Acropolis. The

Greek words akro and polis mean high city. The Athenians built temples and

public buildings on the Acropolis. By 1200 BC the Athenians had built a wall

around most of the city. The Athenians built a temple to Athena on the hill.

Pericles also began the Propylaea in addition tot he Parthenon. The Propylaea

was never completed. All citizens except those of the city’s poorest

class were eligible for the council and for all other offices. Women were

not citizens and could not vote or hold office. All public officials were

chosen annually by drawing lots. Generals were elected. Unpopular government

officials could be banished for ten years by vote of the people.

The Coliseum is one of the chief landmarks of Rome. Romans watched gladiators

fight each other or animals. Forums were the center of public life in he

city. Public meetings were held here and many important buildings and statues

stood there.

The Parthenon is an ancient Greek temple in the city of Athens. It stands

on a hill called the Acropolis overlooking the city of Athens. The Parthenon

is dedicated to the goddess Athena. The best Greek sculptors and designers

erected the Parthenon between 447 and 432 BC When the Turkish people owned

the Parthenon, they filled it with gunpowder

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