Success Of The Civil Rights Mo Essay

, Research Paper

Successes of the Civil Rights Movement

When one thinks of the Civil Rights Movement, one initially thinks of non-violent demonstrations against segregation and prejudice forty years ago. This revolution to desegregate society took hundreds of lives; thousands of people were brutally beaten; churches and homes were firebombed. Thousands marched in protest; hundreds of others took part in boycotts against restaurants and other public establishments. Nightly on television news those removed from strife saw the National Guard protecting black students trying to integrate Southern schools. Viewers watched police dogs attack children, and Southern policemen use high powered fire hoses and clubs to disperse non-violent demonstrators who were exercising their right to assemble. The path of the movement in America is marked with important milestones. From the boycott of the Montgomery bus system to the civil rights march on Washington, the visions are forever implanted in the mind of most Americans. The struggle of African Americans to claim basic freedoms and to end legal segregation provoked fierce white resistance and challenged the moral sensibilities of a free nation. The Civil Rights Movement had a positive effect on American society.

Although the Civil Rights Movement brought significant advances to American society, the struggle for equality for African Americans continues in America. The legacy of slavery, segregation, and discrimination continues to press on African Americans. The question often arises as to whether the struggle for civil rights has actually benefited the descendants of many who sacrificed jobs, properties, reputations and even their lives. Many may ask the question: Has the American civil rights movement become irrelevant? Although these problems still exists among African Americans, the answer to this question would have to be no, for if not for the movement, many rights and freedoms African Americans have today would not exist.

The first major success of the Civil Rights Movement was desegregation of public schools, which occurred with the 1954 Supreme Court ruling in the case Brown vs. Board of Education. Chief Justice Warren delivered the court s opinion stating that segregated schools are not equal and cannot be made equal and hence they are deprived of the equal protection of the laws (Brown 1). The decision of the case was a great stride taken by America in favor of civil liberties (1). The case broke down the wall of segregation in schools and changed public education forever.

With the success of school desegregation came many positive effects. School desegregation meant no longer being forced to attend a school of a particular race but being free to go the school of ones choice. Roger Wilkins, a professor of history and American culture at George Mason University, states, My child would not be at that school [an expensive school segregated as late as 1965] if not for the impact of Brown (Brown 4). In nearly forty years since Brown, African American youth have made enormous progress in high school completion, in better test scores, in increased college enrollment, in obtaining college degrees and careers. In 1967, the U.S. Census found that 54 percent of African Americans between the ages of 25 and 29 had completed high school. By 1987, this number had risen to 83 percent (3).

Along with the desegregation of school facilities, another success of the Civil Rights Movement was the recognition of civil rights and liberties. Civil rights and liberties are constitutional guarantees for protection against an unjust government, including protection against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment. President Lyndon Johnson supported this recognition with the passing of The Civil Rights and Voting Rights Acts. The Voting Rights Act dismantled Jim Crow Laws in states where less than 50 percent of the voting age population had been registered to vote (Sowell 4). The Voting Rights Act gave African Americans the right to vote and after three decades of enforcement, the act has begun to give minority populations a voice in government

(Branch 79). Peter Grier, a reporter for Christian Science Monitor, comments:

The good that came out of all of this [the Voting Rights Act], is that thousands of Negroes were flocking to register in the nine counties in Alabama, Louisiana, and Mississippi where the government posted federal examiners to uphold the voting law. In four days, 6998, Negro voters were added to the rolls in counties where there had previously been only 3,857. (Grier 3)

With the increase of African American voters came the increase of African American elected officials and officeholders. According to Andrew Young, Atlanta s former mayor,

The old battles to register blacks to vote are behind us. Certainly registered black voters have made their presence felt. Over 2 million black people were registers to vote between 1980 and 1984, an increase of 24 percent. In a short period, Americas moved from a country where people where killed for exercising their constitutional right to vote to a land where, in 1988, the Reverend Jesse Jackson was the runner-up for the Democratic presidential candidacy, triumphing over six white candidates and capturing twice as many white votes as he did in 1984. (Kosei 95)

Twenty years ago, it would not haven been predicted that any African