Eleanor Roosevelt Essay Research Paper The Contributions

Eleanor Roosevelt Essay, Research Paper

The Contributions of Eleanor Roosevelt

Anna Eleanor Roosevelt was born in New York City on October 11, 1884. She was one of America’s great reforming leaders who had a sustained impact on national policy toward youth, blacks, women, the poor, and the United Nations. As the wife of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, she was one of the most active First Ladies as well as an important public personality in her own right.

When Eleanor Roosevelt traveled to New York City a week after her husband’s funeral in April 1945, a host of reporters were waiting at the door of her Washington Square apartment. “The story is over,” she said simply, assuming that her words and opinions would no longer be of interest once her husband was dead and she was no longer First Lady. She could not have been more mistaken. As the years passed, Eleanor Roosevelt’s influence and stature continued to grow. Today, she remains a powerful inspiration to leaders in both the civil rights and women’s movements.

Eleanor shattered the ceremonial mold in which the role of the First Lady had traditionally been fashioned, and reshaped it around her own skills and her deep commitment to social reform. She gave a voice to people who did not have access to power. She was the first woman to speak in front of a national convention, to write a syndicated column, to earn money as a lecturer, to be a radio commentator and to hold regular press conferences.

The path to this unique position of power had not been easy. The only daughter of an alcoholic father and a beautiful but aloof mother who was openly disappointed by Eleanor’s lack of a pretty face, Eleanor was plagued by insecurity and shyness. An early marriage to her handsome fifth cousin, Franklin Roosevelt, increased her insecurity and took away her one source of confidence: her work in a New York City settlement house. “For 10 years, I was always just getting over having a baby or about to have another one,” she later lamented, “so my occupations were considerably restricted.”

But 13 years after her marriage, and after bearing six children, Eleanor resumed the search for her identity. The voyage began with a shock: the discovery in 1918 of love letters revealing that Franklin was involved with Lucy Mercer. “The bottom dropped out of my own particular world,” she later said. “I faced myself, my surroundings, my world, honestly for the first time.” There was talk of divorce, but when Franklin promised never to see Lucy again, the marriage continued. For Eleanor a new path had opened, a possibility of standing apart from Franklin. No longer would she define herself solely in terms of his wants and needs. A new relationship was forged, but on terms wholly different from the old.

She turned her energies to a variety of reformist organizations, joining a circle of post suffrage feminists dedicated to the abolition of child labor, the establishment of a minimum wage and the passage of legislation to protect workers. In the process she discovered that she had talents-for public speaking, for organizing, for articulating social problems. She formed an extraordinary constellation of lifelong female friends, who helped to ease the worry of an enduring sense of loneliness. When Franklin was paralyzed by polio in 1921, her political activism became an even more vital force. She became Franklin’s” eyes and ears,” traveling the country gathering the grass-roots knowledge he needed to understand the people he governed.

They made an exceptional team. She was more earnest, less devious, less patient, less fun, more compromisingly moral; he possessed the more trustworthy political talent, the more finely tuned sense of timing, the better feel for the citizenry, the smarter understanding of how to get things done. But they were linked by indissoluble bonds. Together they mobilized the American people to effect enduring changes in the political and social landscape of the nation.

Dealing with programs in the South, she was stunned to find that blacks were being systematically discriminated against at every turn. Citing statistics to back up her story, she would interrupt her husband at any time, barging into his cocktail hour when he wanted only to relax, cross-examining him at dinner, handing him memos to read late at night. But her confrontational style compelled him to sign a series of Executive Orders barring discrimination in the administration of various New Deal projects. From that point on, African Americans’ share in the New Deal work projects expanded, and Eleanor’s independent legacy began to grow.

She understood, for instance, the importance of symbolism in fighting discrimination. In 1938, while attending the Southern Conference for Human Welfare in Birmingham, Ala., she refused to abide by a segregation ordinance that required her to sit in the white section of the auditorium, apart from her black friends. The following year, she publicly resigned from the Daughters of the American Revolution after it barred the black singer Marian Anderson from its auditorium.

During World War II, Eleanor remained an uncompromising voice on civil rights, insisting that America could not fight racism abroad while tolerating it at home. Progress was slow, but her continuing intervention led to broadened opportunities for blacks in the factories and shipyards at hom