Isaac Newton Essay Research Paper Isaac Newton 2

Isaac Newton Essay, Research Paper

Isaac Newton

By: Mary

Isaac Newton was a well-known English scientist. He accomplished a lot

during his time and influenced the world a great deal. He is considered to

have contributed more to science than any other person. His life can be

divided into three periods. The first one was his early childhood, he second

was the time of his accomplishments, and the third is his later life. Isaac

Newton was born on December 25, 1642 in Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire,

England. His family was poor and his parents farmed for a living. His father

died three months before he was born. His mother later remarried a minister

and Newton went to stay with his grandmother. He attended a grammar

school at the age of eleven, but did not do well. His teachers said that he did

not pay attention. His mother then decided to pull him out of school and put

him in charge of her properties. Newton decided that he did not want to do

this, and, with the help of his uncle, Newton convinced his mother to let him

return to school. Stokes, the headmaster of the school, saw that Newton had

potential, therefore, he put extra time into tutoring, guiding and mentoring

Newton (O?Connor & Robertson 1-2). Newton entered Cambridge College

on June 5, 1661. He was older than most of the students there and entered

as a sizar (a student who received money for college expenses in exchange

for being a servant to other students). He wanted to major in law. At

Cambridge he studied the philosophies of Aristotle and many other

philosophist. During his third year he learned about the philosophies of

Descartes, Gassending, but mostly of Boyle. He also read book about

Copernicus and his relation to astronomy as well as Galileo and Kepler.

Newton became fascinated by the ideas of these scientists. He began

recording his thought in a book, which was called Quaestiones Quaedam

Philosophicae. He received his bachelor?s degree in April 1665 (O?Connor

& Robertson 2-3). Newton made many accomplishments during his lifetime.

His major accomplishments in the fields of math, physics, and optics are well

known. For his accomplishment in math, he is considered to have invented

Calculus. Although his works of Calculus were not published before a man

name Leibniz, but Newton is still considered as the inventor of Calculus.

Newton discovered the Binomial Theorem, which was used for fractional

powers (Weinstein 2). He also developed many analytical ways to solve

many problems such as: find areas, tangents, lengths of curves, and the

maxima and minima of functions (O?Connor & Robertson 3). As

mathematician, Newton and Leibniz invented differential calculus. He also

calculated a formula for finding the velocity of sound in a gas, which was later

corrected by Laplace (Chew 1). Newton made many contributions to the

field of physics. He developed the three laws of motion. The first was the law

of inertia. This law stated that objects in motion would continue to move in

that direction at a constant velocity unless an outside force acts upon it. His

second law stated that for every action there is an equal and opposite

reaction. Finally, his third law sate that forces causes masses to accelerate.

As the acceleration increases the force increases as well. They are directly

proportion to each other. Newton is considered to come up with the theory

of universal gravitation. This is not totally true, but he did contribute to it.

Newton made a huge impact on theoretical astronomy. He defined the laws

of motion and universal gravitation, which he used to predict precisely the

motions of stars, and the planets around the sun. Using his discoveries in

optics Newton constructed the first reflecting telescope (Chew1). Other

accomplishments that Newton made in the physics field was discovering the

law about centrifugal force on body that is moving in a circular path. He did

not totally understand the idea of circular motion. In 1666 Newton?s main

idea was that the Earth?s gravity influenced the moon, therefore

counterbalancing it?s centrifugal force. From this and Kelpler?s law of

planetary motion, Newton came up with the inverse-square law (O?Connor

& Robertson 5). Newton made many accomplishments to the physics field.

Newton wrote many books during his time. One of his most famous was

Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy. Newton had a mental

breakdown in 1675 and was still recovering in 1679. His friend, a man by the

name of Halley, was interested in orbits and; therefore, he convinced Newton

to publish his works. From August 1684 to the spring of 1686, Newton

devoted his time into doing this. Finally, in 1687, a book was published called

Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy. There were three parts to this

book. The first contained definitions and talked about t

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