Should Illicit Drugs Be Legalized Essay Research

Should Illicit Drugs Be Legalized Essay, Research Paper

Whether Bill Clinton “inhaled” when trying marijuana as a college student was about the closest the last presidential campaign came to addressing the drug issue. The present one, however, could be very different. For the fourth straight year, a federally supported nationwide survey of American secondary school students by the University of Michigan has shown increased drug use. After at least 10 years in which drug use had been falling, the major concern that is already rising is that the large wave of teenagers, the group most at risk of taking drugs, will be accompanied by a new surge in drug use (Gwynne, 1). The only logical step for the United States to take is to “legalize” drugs, in essence repeal and trash the current drug policies. This can be accomplished in a similar procedure with which America abandoned its brief experiment with alcohol prohibition in the 1920s. Illicit drugs should be legalized for the reasons of public satisfaction, government taxation, reduction of crime, and industrial value.

Although the legalization alternative typically surfaces when the public’s anxiety about drugs and despair over existing policies are at their highest, it never seems to exit the media for long. Frequent incidents, such as the heroin-induced death of a young, wealthy New York City couple in 1995 or the 1993 remark by then Surgeon General Jocelyn Elders that legalization might be beneficial and should be studied, support this. The prominence of some individuals who have made the case for legalization, such as William F. Buckley, Jr., Milton Friedman, and George Shultz, also helps (Dawsey, 73). However, each time the issue of legalization arises, the same arguments for and against are used repeatedly, leaving us with no clearer understanding of what it might involve and what the effect might be.

Obviously, drug legalization is not a public policy option that lends itself to simple or shallow debate. It requires analysis and scrutiny of an order that has been surprisingly absent despite the attention it constantly receives. Beyond discussion of some very general proposals, there has been no detailed evaluation of the operational meaning of legalization. There is not even a commonly accepted vocabulary of terms to allow a serious debate to take place (Dawsey, 73). Legalization, consequently, has come to mean different things to different people. Some, for example, use legalization interchangeably with “decriminalization,” which usually refers to removing criminal sanctions for possessing small quantities of drugs for personal use. Others define legalization as complete prohibition, failing in the process to recognize the extent to which currently legally available drugs are subject to strict controls (Bustard and Kelly, 1).

Unfortunately, the U.S. government, including the Clinton administration, has done little to improve the debate. Although it has consistently rejected any retreat from prohibition, its position has clearly not been based on in-depth investigation of the potential costs and benefits. Based on a study performed by the New Citizen Project, an average of $58 billion was spent on illegal drugs between the years 1988-1993 (Bustard and Kelly, [graph]). If the government could consider for one moment the amount of taxation potential within legalized drugs, a serious proposal regarding current policies could be considered.

The belief that legalization would lead to an instant and dramatic increase in drug use is considered so self-evident as to warrant no further study. Nevertheless, if this is indeed the likely conclusion of any study, what is there to fear aside from criticism that extremely small amounts of taxpayer money had been wasted in demonstrating what

everyone had believed at the beginning? Wouldn’t such an outcome in any case help justify the continuation of existing policies and silence those calling for legalization? (Donnelly, 1).

Many arguments appear to make legalization an impressive alternative to today’s prohibitionist policies. Besides reducing the black-market incentives to produce and sell drugs, legalization could remove or at least significantly reduce the problems that cause the greatest public concern: the crime, corruption, and violence that come with the operation of illicit drug markets. It would also diminish the damage caused by the absence of quality controls on illicit drugs and slow the spread of infectious diseases due to needle sharing and other unhygienic practices (Bustard and Kelly, 1). Furthermore, as Dale Ferranto (special agent in charge of the state Bureau of Narcotic Enforcement) says, governments could abandon the costly and largely futile efforts to suppress the supply of illicit drugs and jail drug offenders, spending the money thus saved to educate people not to take drugs and treat those who become addicted (qtd. in Dorgan, 2).

What becomes immediately apparent from even a casual review of these questions is that there is an enormous range of regulatory changes for each drug. Until all the primary alternatives are clearly laid out in sensible detail, however, the potential costs and benefits of each cannot begin to be assessed. This basic point can be illustrated with respect to the two core questions most likely to affect public opinion. What would happen to drug consumption under more lenient regula