Ocean Pollution Essay Research Paper IntroductionIf humans

Ocean Pollution Essay, Research Paper

Introduction

If humans do not take better care of the oceans, then life may slowly die out. As we head into a new millennium, we may be slowly killing off our species and many others without even realizing it. There are some solutions that we have put into effect, but without others they will help minimally. To fully understand about what needs to be done in the future, one must first understand four things. First, one must comprehend general knowledge of the ocean and the effect of it on the earth s ecosystem. Secondly, the background of ocean pollution must be known. Next, the effects of ocean pollution need to be recognized. Finally, one must find out what is being done currently in reduction, to determine what still needs to be done. If we act upon new solutions, then we may be able to fully stop deterioration. Stopping the deterioration is the first step towards healing our oceans.

Information on Oceans

The ocean had the power to bring forth life and today holds the power to take it away. The first bacteria life developed in the depths of the ocean approximately three billion years ago. During the time that has passed, it has done many crucial things. For one, the life has evolved into more complex organisms. The organisms of today are very diverse. They can live almost anywhere, eat a variety of things and have developed characteristics unique to each species.

(Sadler, 1996; Talen, 1994)

Even though some of the organisms of today do not live in the ocean, all of them depend upon it, especially humans. To begin with, the oceans keep the earth s temperature reasonable by storing and transporting heat from the sun. Secondly, it is a great source of minerals. Third, it is the source of sixty-million tons of food for humans alone each year and a source for power. The oceans have also become livelihoods for many. Next, they have produced many helpful

materials. These include things such as bone graft material from corals and anti-leukemia drugs from sea sponges. Finally, the ocean is the home to the largest source of oxygen on the earth. The oxygen is a by-product of trillions of phyto plankton that dwell in the ocean. With only the oxygen from the land sources, life would slowly be choked off. All of these factors are part of the ocean s intricate ecosystem. If the ocean s ecosystem is thrown out of balance, then it also affects the earth s. If the earth s ecosystem is out of balance, then all living things may die. This is why it s important for all organisms to work together and take care of the ocean. (Canby, 1994; Sadler, 1996; Talen, 1994)

Ocean Pollution

Ocean pollution has existed since the beginning of life, but over time it has changed. At first, ocean pollution was natural and could be taken care of by the organisms living near it. Over time as living systems began to develop, they began to produce more unnatural and natural wastes. Over the past one hundred years, there has been a great increase due to the industrial and technological revolutions. The unnatural wastes were made as by-products of the combination of natural substances. The majority of the wastes are foreign and not able to be processed by the ecosystem of the ocean. (Talen, 1994; Gold, 1994)

There are an assortment of harmful wastes that have been created. They can be classified into four main groups. The first is the by-products of manufactured goods. These are the most

common and possibly the most harmful. They are most harmful because of their mass amounts. They often have very little of the harmful substance in the by-product, but there is so much of the by-product that it becomes a threat. Also, many times the by-products take at least hundreds of years to decompose. During the decomposing of the by products there are more being added to the water and cannot be decomposed of fast enough. The second type of waste is composed of

used items that are no longer needed. They are out of place to the ocean, because the ecosystem rejects them. Many contain things that are harmful to the ocean life and they slowly kill it. The third group consists of helpful items buried into the earth. These include from pesticides to fertilizers. In the ocean, they become very destructive poisons. The fourth and final category is natural waste. Over time the population has grown and so has the waste. It takes up more room now and the decomposers cannot keep up with the increasing amount of wastes. (Annin, 1999; Caldicott, 1995; Dolan, 1997; Ehrlich, 1996; Gold, 1994; Jongens, 1999; Gorman, 1994; Rosenblatt, 1999; Sadler, 1996; Talen, 1994)

Even though not all of these wastes were purposely dumped in the oceans, they have all traveled to it. There have been many ways to dispose of wastes, but non thus far are successful. First, the wastes were purposely dumped in the ocean or another body of water that flows into it. That was one of the only ways for over a thousand years. Recently, there have been laws passed to minimize the dumping, but many companies still dump illegal amounts. Another way is when things are accidentally lost in the water. This includes things from ship wrecks, planes that went down and garbage from barges on their way to off-shore land fills. Also, some wastes in the water are a result of runoff from fields. These fields may contain fertilizers or other