Summary Of

“Barn Burning” Essay, Research Paper

Cultural Criticism of “Barn Burning”

In William Faulkner’s “Barn Burning”, a young boy must face his father and face

the reality of a racist society. He must also discover for himself that his father is wrong

and learn to grow up the right way in a racial environment. Faulkner’s setting is one of

the most important literary elements in the story. He takes a young black boy and puts

him in a real world of chaos and disorder. In the South, race is one of the most important

factors in how one would live his or her life. The only way he can retain his own dignity in

the end is to believe in his own courage and goodwill.

The young boy, Sartoris, has a kind of loyalty for his father, Abner Snopes. He

admires him and everything he does. He believes that his father is always right.

In the beginning of the story, Sartoris (Sarty) is faced with his first major conflict.

He is in the court room as a witness to a barn burning. The judge can only pardon Abner

because Sarty is too young and can not be used as the key witness, but the judge tells

them they must leave the country for their own safety and the safety of others. All the

while Sarty thinks to himself how he must not talk to the white men. “Our enemy… ourn!

mine and hisn both! He’s my father!” (397). He sees the white men in the courthouse as

the enemy, even the judge. In Sarty’s mind, the judge is the enemy because he is white.

He only believes so because that is how he was raised to believe.

After they leave the country, Abner gets into trouble again. This time Sarty stays

loyal to himself instead of his father. He warns a man named Major de Spain about his

barn burning. Sarty has now changed because he thought on his own. When he realizes

that some of the things his father does is wrong, he decides to run off and be on his own

because he does not want to live that way anymore. Sarty has moved out of childhood,

developing a mind and will of his own. He is no longer unperceptively loyal to his father.

Sarty becomes his own self-reliant person, instead of being the shadow of his father.

When he warns de Spain of his barn burning, Sarty becomes disloyal to his father and his

own heritage. At this time, blacks had to band together to fight off the white men and

oppression, but Sarty does not do this. After they flee the country, Abner is still abusive

to his family. Abner Snopes is full of hatred and he is always ready to defend himself even

when no one has an argument against him. This gives Sarty all the more reason to find

himself.

Sarty must choose to either follow the law or to choose the same path his father

did, a life that satisfied himself and no one else. The first time Sarty had to choose

between the law and his father he chose his father. He did not know much, only that the

white men were enemies and that he had to stick to his own blood. He was used to his

natural instincts and the teaching of his own heritage. That was not the case the second

time around. As he got older, he got smarter. He realized that the confrontations that his

father put him in were not right. When Abner goes to burn the barn in the new country,

this is the first time Sarty makes his own choice. Sarty overcomes the fear of his abusive

father and does the right thing. He tells de Spain of his father’s intentions and then runs

away. When Sarty makes his lonesome decision to do the right thing, he goes against

everything that he has ever been taught. He defies his own blood and generations of his

family’s conventional beliefs.

It appears that Faulkner wants his audience to know of the social problems and

racial discriminations of the South. Whether it was whites discriminating against blacks or

vice-versa, he wants his audience to take notice and hopefully do something about it.

During the time when slavery was accepted, blacks were called negroes and

“niggers”. Faulkner uses those words repeatedly throughout this story to show the

ignorance of the time. All throughout the story, there was no peace for the Snopes

family. Social chaos was everywhere at this point in time. There were many cases of

blacks being persecuted because of their skin color. Therefore, Abner Snopes was the

type of person with a chip on his shoulder. Abner Snopes brought trouble where ever he

went. When he ruined de Spain’s expensive carpet, he couldn’t care less about it. So,

when he was ordered to pay for it, he decided to burn down de Spain’s barn instead.

Abner Snopes is the antagonist in Sarty’s moral conflict. Abner can not control

his emotional responses to the actions of his enemy, the white men. He believes the best

response to his enemy is to destroy their private property. Thus, he becomes the enemy

of “normalcy.”

In addition, when Abner had to face the courthouse, he knew nothing more than

what he was raised to do, and that was to either fight back or have a

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